Figure 14.

Population-specific Arch-mediated inhibition of pre-BötC glutamatergic, Dbx1-derived, and Sst-expressing neurons in the reduced in situ brainstem-spinal cord preparations. A–C, Experiments from adult VgluT2-tdTomato-Arch-GFP (A), Dbx1-tdTomato-Arch-GFP (B), and Sst-tdTomato-Arch-GFP (C) mouse lines. The reduced in situ preparation, with transection at the rostral boundary of the pre-BötC, generates a reduced respiratory pattern that is represented by phrenic nerve activity with one (active)-phase (inspiratory but no postinspiratory phase activity; Fig. 11C) and is similar to that generated in the in vitro neonatal slice preparations. Representative traces of integrated phrenic activities and laser-induced perturbations of inspiratory frequency during bilateral pre-BötC laser illumination (2, 5, and 10 mW), which caused a rapid and reversible laser power-dependent reduction of the inspiratory frequency with complete cessation of the inspiratory rhythm at the maximum applied power (10 mW).