Table 2.

Most Significant Correlations Between Appendicular Lean Mass and Methylation/Bin in Sample of 1196 Female Twins, and Multiple Regression Model for Appendicular Lean Mass as Dependent Variable and Methylation (MTL), Age and Smoking Score (pSmk) as Independent Covariates

Bin		Correlation (n = 1196)		Multiple Regression Model (n = 1100)						Nearest Gene Name and Locationa	Gene Structure
Chr.	Start Position	R	P	β_MTL	P_MTL	β_Age	P_Age	β_pSmk	P_pSmk
3	57408751	0.1051	0.0003	0.1073	0.0004	−0.0829	0.0059	0.0443	0.1404	DNAH12 57327727-530071	Intron 37 (of 58)
12	67678751	0.1022	0.0004	0.1101	0.0002	−0.0858	0.0043	0.0481	0.1100	CAND1 67663061-708472	Intron 2 (of 14)
21	15253001	−0.0918	0.0015	−0.0981	0.0011	−0.0814	0.0069	0.0392	0.1926	CYP4F29P 15215454-20685	Intergenic distance to TSS, 32.3 kb
20	50692501	−0.0917	0.0015	−0.0914	0.0023	−0.0853	0.0047	0.0378	0.2088	ZFP64 50700550-808524	Intergenic distance to TSS, 8.0 kb
3	189366751	0.0874	0.0025	0.0892	0.0030	−0.0845	0.0050	0.0401	0.1829	TP63 189349216-599284	Intron 1 (of 10)
22	24021751	−0.0852	0.0032	−0.0783	0.0095	−0.0807	0.0076	0.0356	0.2384	GUSBP11 23980675-4059610	Intron 10 (of 11)
11	76513251	0.0838	0.0037	0.0798	0.0079	−0.0850	0.0048	0.0411	0.1728	TSKU 76493357-509198	Intergenic (distance to last exon, 4 kb)

Table shows the regression coefficients, β and their corresponding P values (n = 1100). CALP 5 (11q13.5) belongs to the Calpain calcium-dependent cysteine proteases involved in signal transduction in a variety of cellular processes. These endopeptidases have numerous functions including, but not limited to, remodeling of cytoskeletal attachments to the plasma membrane during cell fusion and cell motility, proteolytic modification of molecules in signal transduction pathways, degradation of enzymes controlling progression through the cell cycle, regulation of gene expression. Perturbations in calpain activity have been associated in pathophysiological processes contributing to type 2 diabetes (calpain 10), muscular dystrophy (calpain 3), and other. NRIP1 (21q21.1), nuclear receptor interacting protein 1, is a nuclear protein that specifically interacts with the hormone-dependent activation domain AF2 of nuclear receptors. Also known as RIP140, this protein modulates transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptor. CPM (12q15), carboxypeptidase M, the protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-bound arginine/lysine carboxypeptidase. Its expression is associated with monocyte to macrophage differentiation. The active site residues of carboxypeptidases A and B are conserved in this protein. It is believed to play important roles in the control of peptide hormone and growth factor activity at the cell surface, and in the membrane-localized degradation of extracellular proteins. DNAH12 (3p14.3), dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 12, is a protein coding gene. Force generating protein of respiratory cilia. Produces force towards the minus ends of microtubules. Dynein has ATPase activity; the force-producing power stroke is thought to occur on release of ADP.

^aDescriptions from GeneCards, http://www.genecards.org/.