Table 1.
Comparison of Characteristics of the Selected Individuals by Categories of Serum Albumin
| Albumin |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| <3.5 g/dL | 3.5–4 g/dL | >4 g/dL | |
| Unweighted, n | 132 | 3892 | 11 515 |
| Weighted estimate per cycle | 1 036 062 | 34 672 687 | 122 856 079 |
| Age (range), yc | 55 (51 to 59) | 52 (51 to 53) | 48 (47 to 48) |
| Female, %c | 63.4 | 68.8 | 44.5 |
| Black race, %c | 22.5 | 15.5 | 7.9 |
| Smoked at least 100 cigarettes, % | 55.4 | 48.0 | 47.0 |
| 24-hour diet | |||
| Energy, kcalc | 1938 (1709 to 2166) | 1921 (1879 to 1963) | 2104 (2071 to 2137) |
| Protein, gc | 76 (65 to 87) | 76 (74 to 78) | 84 (83 to 86) |
| Carbohydrate, gc | 232 (213 to 251) | 241 (235 to 246) | 255 (252 to 260) |
| Total sugars, g | 104 (89 to 120) | 111 (107 to 115) | 114 (112 to 116) |
| Dietary fiber, gc | 16.3 (13.6 to 19.0) | 15.8 (15.3 to 16.3) | 17.2 (16.8 to 18.0) |
| Total fat, gc | 77 (61 to 93) | 72 (70 to 74) | 80 (78 to 82) |
| Total SFA, gc | 26 (20 to 32) | 24 (23 to 25) | 26.2 (25.7 to 26.8) |
| Total MUFA, gc | 28 (22 to 36) | 26 (25 to 27) | 29 (28 to 30) |
| Total PUFA, gc | 16.7 (13.5 to 19.9) | 15.8 (15.1 to 16.4) | 17.4 (17 to 17.8) |
| Cholesterol, mgc | 265 (196 to 333) | 255 (244 to 267) | 281 (274 to 288) |
| Calcium, mgc | 975 (809 to 1141) | 896 (862 to 931) | 976 (951 to 994) |
| Phosphorus, mgc | 1269 (1114 to 1424) | 1245 (1213 to 1281) | 1381 (1358 to 1403) |
| Comorbidities, % | |||
| Arthritisc | 50.6 | 33.4 | 24.0 |
| Heart failurec | 7.7 | 3.5 | 1.4 |
| Thyroid diseasec | 4.7 | 0.7 | 0.4 |
| Liver diseaseb | 4.9 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| Malignancyb | 2.7 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| Diabetesc | 21.9 | 11.7 | 6.8 |
| BMI, kg/m2c | 30 (29 to 32) | 30 (30 to 31) | 27 (27 to 28) |
| Sodium, mmol/Lc | 138 (136 to 139) | 139 (139 to 139) | 139 (139 to 140) |
| Glucose, mg/dLc | 121 (107 to 135) | 104 (103 to 106) | 97 (97 to 98) |
| Calcium, mg/dLc | 8.9 (8.8 to 9.1) | 9.3 (9.2 to 9.3) | 9.5 (9.5 to 9.55) |
| Phosphorous, mg/dLc | 3.7 (3.5 to 3.8) | 3.7 (3.7 to 3.8) | 3.8 (3.8 to 3.8) |
| eGFR, mL/minc | 89 (82 to 96) | 90 (89 to 91) | 92 (92 to 93) |
| Femoral neck BMD, g/cm2a | 0.79 (0.75 to 0.83) | 0.82 (0.81 to 0.83) | 0.83 (0.82 to 0.83) |
| Total femur BMD, g/cm2b | 0.92 (0.88 to 0.96) | 0.96 (0.95 to 0.97) | 0.97 (0.97 to 0.98) |
| L1–L4 BMD, g/cm2b | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.08) | 1.05 (1.04 to 1.06) | 1.03 (1.0 to 1.04) |
Abbreviations: SFA, saturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids. Data are expressed as percentage or mean (95% CI) in the weighted samples accounting for hidden variance. To convert values for glucose to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.05551. To convert values of calcium to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.25. To convert values of phosphorous to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.32. To convert values of sodium to millimoles per liter, multiply by 1. Unweighted sample sizes for lumbar BMD from low to high categories of serum albumin are 105, 3082, and 9358, respectively.
a
P < .05;
b
P < .01;
c
P < .001.