Table 1.
Study Participants by Glucose Tolerance Category and Metabolic Indices
| NGT (n = 770) | Prediabetes (n = 170) | Diabetes (n = 22) | P ANOVA/χ2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 13.7 ± 3 | 13.9 ± 2.9 | 14.6 ± 2.2 | .24 |
| Height, cm | 160.5 ± 12.7 | 160.9 ± 11.1 | 166.7 ± 11.1 | .07 |
| Weight, kg | 93.2 ± 27.4 | 97.1 ± 28.1 | 104.9 ± 24.4 | .04 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 35.6 ± 7.7 | 37.2 ± 8.0 | 37.7 ± 8.1 | .06 |
| BMI-z score | 2.34 ± 0.52 | 2.40 ± 0.42 | 2.40 ± 0.50 | .27 |
| Body fat, % | 44.66 ± 8.68 | 45.47 ± 7.65 | 43.85 ± 8.96 | .50 |
| Sex (m/f), % | 305/465 (39/61) | 62/108 (36/64) | 8/14 (36/64) | .72 |
| Race (C/AA/HIS), No. (%) | 367/242/161 (48/31/21) | 70/50/50 (42/29/29) | 7/12/3 (32/54/14) | .02 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 91.0 ± 6.75 | 97.5 ± 10.1 | 114.6 ± 18.9 | <.001a |
| Fasting insulin, μU/mL | 32.7 ± 18.5 | 44.6 ± 23.1 | 76.5 ± 89.1 | <.001a |
| Fasting FFA, mmol/L | 0.51 ± 0.16 | 0.55 ± 0.15 | 0.56 ± 0.18 | .007b |
| IGI | 5.1 ± 4.3 | 4.6 ± 6.4 | 2.7 ± 2.7 | .04 |
| WBISI | 2.04 ± 1.2 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 1.7 | <.001c |
| Oral DI | 8.6 ± 7.6 | 4.08 ± 4.3 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | <.001d |
| Adipose IR (mmol/L × μU/mL) | 16.4 ± 10.1 | 24.6 ± 15.3 | 33 ± 25.1 | <.001e |
| ISI-FFA index | 0.15 ± 0.09 | 0.10 ± 0.05 | 0.11 ± 0.12 | <.001f |
Abbreviation: AA, African American; HIS, Hispanic; ISI-FFA, insulin sensitivity index of circulating FFAs.
a
P < .001 for NGT vs prediabetes and T2DM, P < .001 for prediabetes vs T2DM.
b
P = .006 for NGT vs prediabetes.
c
P < .001 for NGT vs prediabetes, P = .001 for NGT vs T2DM.
d
P < .001 for NGT vs prediabetes and T2DM.
e
P < .001 for NGT vs prediabetes and T2DM, P = .005 for prediabetes vs T2DM.
f
P < .001 for NGT vs prediabetes.