Fig. 3.
Select brain-available polyphenol metabolites increase CREB and mTOR signaling in primary neurons. (A) HPLC diagram of brain-available polyphenol metabolites. Effect of commercially available polyphenol metabolites on the phosphorylation of (B) CREB on Ser133 and (C) p70S6K on Thr412. (D) Effect of malvidin-3-O-glucoside on mTOR/p70S6K signaling. 1: 3′-O-methyl-epicatechin-O-β-Glucuronide; 2: cyanidin-3-O-glucoside; 3: delphinidin-3-O-glucoside; 4: malvidin-3-O-glucoside; 5: quercetin-3-O-glucuronide. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 by two-tailed t-test.