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. 2016 Jun 3;18:128. doi: 10.1186/s13075-016-1025-y

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© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Chondrocytes treated with curcumin exhibits a gene expression profile that is favorable for chondroprotection. Human primary chondrocytes treated with curcumin for 6 hours exhibited reduced mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)5, IL-1β, TNF-α, and increased CITED2 compared to vehicle-treated cells, in the absence (a) and presence (b) of IL-1β, while expression of collagen 2a1 (Col2a1) and aggrecan (Acan) remained unchanged. *P < 0.05, t test, n = 3/group