Table 3.

Patient characteristics at time of ventilator-associated pneumonia diagnosis

	All patients (n = 71)	Nongradual VAP (n = 28)	Gradual VAP (n = 43)	p Value
MV duration before VAP, days	7 [4.5–10.5]	4.5 [3–9]	8 [6.5–11.5]	0.002
Early VAP	21 (29 %)	16 (57 %)	5 (12 %)	<0.001
SOFA score	5.5 [8–11.5]	10 [8–12]	7 [5–11]	0.142
mCPIS score	7 [6–8]	7 [6–8]	7 [6–8]	0.908
PaO2/FiO2	197 [137–247]	200 [160–282]	180 [130–226]	0.119
Temperature, °C	38 [37–38.7]	38 [36.7–38.6]	38 [37–38.7]	0.928
Leukocytes, cells/mm3	12250 [8050–17,400]	12,000 [9100–16,800]	12,400 [7500–17,500]	0.930
CRP (mg/L)	151 [90–315]	200 [100–340]	132 [73.5–265]	0.301
PCT (ng/ml)	1.4 [0.5–4.3]	1.4 [0.5–6.08]	1.4 [0.5–4.1]	0.961
Etiology
Nonfermenting GNB	42 (52 %)	17 (61 %)	25 (58 %)	0.829
Enterobacteriaceae	14 (20 %)	6 (21 %)	8 (19 %)	0.770
Staphylococcus aureus	8 (11 %)	2 (7 %)	6 (14 %)	0.315
Haemophilus influenzae	5 (7 %)	2 (7 %)	3 (7 %)	0.661
Streptococcus	1 (1 %)	0	1 (2 %)	0.606
Aspergillus	1 (1 %)	1 (3 %)	0	0.394
Treatment failure (72 h)	39 (55 %)	17 (61 %)	22 (51 %)	0.442
Microbial persistence (72 h)	43 (61 %)	16 (57 %)	27 (63 %)	0.361
Relapse	8 (11 %)	3 (11 %)	5 (11 %)	0.121
ICU stay, days,)	19 [13–29]	16 [12–28.5]	20.5 [14–29]	0.346
Hospital stay, days	24 [12–51]	19.5 [9–42]	29 [16–57]	0.054
Days of MV	13 [8–18]	13.5 [8.5–19.5]	12.5 [8–17]	0.679
28-day mortality	43 (61 %)	18 (64 %)	25 (58 %)	0.605

MV mechanical ventilation, VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia, SOFA Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment, mCPIS modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score, CRP C-reactive protein, PCT procalcitonin, GNB gram-negative bacteria, PaO ₂ /FiO ₂ ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen, ICU intensive care unit

Results are expressed as median [interquartile range] for continuous variables and number (%) for categorical variables