Table 3.
Factors associated with linkage to TasP or DoH clinics within three months of referral, ANRS TasP trial, rural South Africa, 2012–2014 (N=1222 – complete data)
| Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysisa | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % linkage | OR | 95%CI | p* | aOR | 95%CI | p* | |
| HIV care status at referral | ||||||||
| Never in care, newly diagnosed | 529 | 32.1 | 1.00 | – | <0.001 | 1.00 | – | <0.001 |
| Never in care, already diagnosed | 304 | 31.6 | 0.97 | 0.72–1.32 | 0.97 | 0.71–1.34 | ||
| LTFU >24 months | 194 | 42.8 | 1.58 | 1.13–2.21 | 1.44 | 1.00–2.06 | ||
| LTFU 13–24 months | 195 | 56.9 | 2.79 | 1.99–3.90 | 2.52 | 1.77–3.61 | ||
| Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Men | 336 | 39.6 | 1.00 | – | 0.39 | 1.00 | – | 0.47 |
| Women | 886 | 36.9 | 0.89 | 0.69–1.16 | 0.90 | 0.68–1.20 | ||
| Age at referral (years) | ||||||||
| 16–19 | 75 | 20.0 | 0.54 | 0.30–0.99 | <0.001 | 0.77 | 0.40–1.48 | 0.40 |
| 20–29 | 437 | 31.6 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | ||
| 30–39 | 340 | 38.2 | 1.34 | 1.00–1.81 | 1.09 | 0.79–1.50 | ||
| 40–49 | 185 | 44.3 | 1.72 | 1.21–2.46 | 1.16 | 0.77–1.74 | ||
| 50–84 | 185 | 51.4 | 2.29 | 1.61–3.25 | 1.47 | 0.94–2.28 | ||
| Education level | ||||||||
| Primary or less | 455 | 47.7 | 1.00 | – | <0.001 | 1.00 | – | 0.01 |
| Some secondary | 407 | 33.7 | 0.56 | 0.42–0.73 | 0.68 | 0.49–0.96 | ||
| At least completed secondary | 360 | 29.4 | 0.46 | 0.34–0.61 | 0.59 | 0.41–0.84 | ||
| Occupational status | ||||||||
| Employed | 200 | 42.5 | 1.00 | – | <0.001 | 1.00 | – | 0.07 |
| Student | 102 | 16.7 | 0.27 | 0.15–0.49 | 0.47 | 0.24–0.92 | ||
| Not student, not employed | 920 | 38.9 | 0.86 | 0.63–1.18 | 0.94 | 0.67–1.31 | ||
| Household wealth assets | ||||||||
| Low | 439 | 37.1 | 1.00 | – | 0.62 | |||
| Middle | 514 | 39.1 | 1.09 | 0.84–1.41 | ||||
| High | 269 | 35.7 | 0.94 | 0.69–1.29 | ||||
| Characteristics relating to HIV knowledge and perception | ||||||||
| Knowing HIV-positive family member | ||||||||
| No | 764 | 35.0 | 1.00 | – | 0.01 | 1.00 | – | 0.004 |
| Yes | 458 | 42.1 | 1.36 | 1.07–1.72 | 1.45 | 1.12–1.86 | ||
| Would take ARV is diagnosed HIV positive | ||||||||
| Agree | 1141 | 38.5 | 1.83 | 1.01–3.34 | 0.06 | 2.16 | 1.13–4.10 | 0.03 |
| Disagree | 59 | 25.4 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | ||
| Don't know | 22 | 27.3 | 1.10 | 0.36–3.33 | 1.18 | 0.37–3.76 | ||
| Think that people avoid HIV-positive individuals | ||||||||
| Agree | 446 | 36.8 | 0.91 | 0.71–1.16 | 0.39 | |||
| Disagree | 652 | 39.1 | 1.00 | – | ||||
| Don't know | 124 | 33.1 | 0.77 | 0.51–1.15 | ||||
| Think that people don't blame HIV-positive individuals | ||||||||
| Agree | 661 | 38.1 | 1.03 | 0.80–1.32 | 0.87 | |||
| Disagree | 424 | 37.5 | 1.00 | – | ||||
| Don't know | 137 | 35.8 | 0.93 | 0.62–1.39 | ||||
| Trial characteristics | ||||||||
| Distance to the closest TasP clinic | ||||||||
| 0–1 km | 447 | 45.0 | 1.00 | – | <0.001 | 1.00 | – | <0.001 |
| 1–2 km | 433 | 33.7 | 0.62 | 0.47–0.82 | 0.58 | 0.44–0.78 | ||
| 2–5 km | 342 | 33.0 | 0.60 | 0.45–0.81 | 0.57 | 0.41–0.77 | ||
| Calendar round at referral | ||||||||
| CR1 | 734 | 41.3 | 1.00 | – | 0.001 | 1.00 | – | 0.03 |
| CR2/CR3 | 488 | 32.2 | 0.67 | 0.53–0.86 | 0.75 | 0.58–0.97 | ||
OR, odd ratio; 95%CI, 95% confidence interval; aOR, adjusted odd ratio; LTFU, lost-to-follow-up; ARV, antiretroviral; CR, calendar round at referral; DoH, Department of Health; TasP, treatment as prevention.
*
p, likelihood ratio test p-values.
a
Variables included in the multivariable model: HIV care status, sex, age, education level, occupational status, knowing HIV-positive family member, ARV if diagnosed HIV positive, distance to clinic, trial calendar round.