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. 2016 Jun 3;7:147. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00147

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Single-step pharmacologic strategies in chronic respiratory disease of approved and under-development EGFR pathway inhibitors compared to spermidine activity. Single step strategies: (i) anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies that bind the extracellular domain of EGFR and prevent downstream activation (cetuximab, trastuzumab); (ii) tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting the intracellular portion of EGF receptors to block autophosphorylation (erlotinib, gefitinib, lapatinib, HKI-272, BIBW-2948); (iii) Inhibitors of specific downstream EGFR signaling pathway (ARRY-142886, PX-866, ruxolitinib, perifosine, selumetinib, and sorafenib). Acting on TCPTP, spermidine can exert multiple direct and indirect effects.