Table 4.
Secondary Outcomes for Patients with AIS Head ≥3
| LR (n = 52) | NS (n = 256) | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SBP (mm Hg)b | 120 ± 32 | 107 ± 29 | 0.264 |
| HRb | 105 ± 30 | 103 ± 28 | 0.827 |
| INR | 1.9 ± 1.7 | 1.4 ± 1.1 | 0.559 |
| Base deficit | 6.5 ± 5.0 | 7.3 ± 5.7 | 0.406 |
| pH | 7.26 ± 0.14 | 7.24 ± 0.14 | 0.142 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.5 ± 2.6 | 11.7 ± 2.1 | 0.113 |
| Lactate (mEq/L) | 5.7 ± 3.5 | 4.5 ± 2.8 | 0.753 |
| 6-h fluid requirement (L) | 5.4 ± 2.9 | 3.8 ± 3.1 | 0.256 |
| 6-h RBC requirement (units) | 4.5 ± 3.7 | 5.8 ± 7.0 | 0.161 |
a
Linear regression model including pre-hospital fluid type, pre-hospital fluid volume, ISS, AIS head, AIS extremity, age, hospital site, and pre-hospital intubation status.
b
Initial value measured on arrival to the emergency department.
AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; HR, hazard rate; INR, International Normalized Ratio; ISS, Injury Severity Score; LR, lactated Ringer's; NS, normal saline; RCB, red blood cells; SBP, systolic blood pressure.