Figure 2.

Hazard ratios/relative risk ratios (95% confidence intervals) for associations between whole-grain intake and risk of (A) female cancers, (B) genitourinary cancers, and (C) gastrointestinal cancers. For studies of gastrointestinal cancers, in which risk estimates were not available for the sample as a whole, risk estimates for men and women are presented. For studies on colorectal cancers that provided risk estimates for colorectal, colon, and rectal cancers, results for colorectal cancer are presented, with the exception of the study by Egeberg et al. (2010),⁴⁴ for which risk estimates for colon cancer are shown.