Table 3.
Summary of studies using alpha protocol training.
| Site of treatment | Enhance/inhibit | Number of sessions | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Allen, Harmon-Jones, & Cavender, 2001) | F3, F4 | Enhance alpha (8–13 Hz) | 5 | Impact of self-reported emotional responses and facial EMG |
| (Angelakis et al., 2007) | FO3 | Enhance peak alpha (8–13 Hz) | 31–36 | Improve cognitive processing speed and executive function |
| (Hanslmayr, Sauseng, Doppelmayr, Schabus, & Klimesch, 2005) | F3, F4, FZ, P3, P4, PZ | Enhance upper alpha | 1 | Improvement in cognitive performance |
| (Hardt & Kamiya, 1978) | OZ, O1, C3 | Enhance alpha (8–13 Hz) | 7 | Decrease anxiety |
| (Hord, Tracy, Lubin, & Johnson, 1975) | O2 | Enhance alpha | Help maintain performance such as counting and auditory discrimination | |
| (Markovska-Simoska et al., 2008) | F3-O1, F4-O2 | Enhance individual upper alpha | 20 | Increasing the quality of musical performance |
| (Martindale & Armstrong, 1974) | O2, P4 | Reduction alpha (7–13) | 1 | High creative |
| (Plotkin & Rice, 1981) | OZ | Enhance alpha | 5–7 | Decrease anxiety |
| (Regestein, Buckland, & Pegram, 1973) | Parietal-occipital | Enhance alpha (8–13 Hz) | 2 | Decrease sleep need |
| (Schmeidler & Lewis, 1971) | Right occipital | both | 2 | Mood changes |
| (Zoefel, Huster, & Herrmann, 2011) | P3, PZ, P4, O1, O2 | Enhance individual upper alpha | 5 | Enhancement of cognitive performance |
Abbreviation: EMG, Electromyogram.