Table 4.
Summary of studies using beta protocol training.
| Site of treatment | Enhance/inhibit | Number of sessions | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Rasey, Lubar, McIntyre, Zoffuto, & Abbott, 1995) | Central-posterior region (CPZ, PCZ) | Enhance beta (16–22 Hz) and inhibit high theta and low alpha | 20 | Improvement in attentional performance |
| (Egner & Gruzelier, 2001) | (12–15 Hz) at right central region (C4) and (15–18 Hz) at the left central region (C3) | Enhance low beta (12–15 and 15–18 Hz), inhibiting theta (4–7 Hz) and high beta (22–30 Hz) | 10 | Successful enhancement of attentional performance |
| (Vernon et al., 2003) | CZ | Enhance low beta (12–15 Hz), inhibiting theta (4–8 Hz) and high beta (18–23 Hz) | 15 | Enhance cognitive performance |
| (Egner & Gruzelier, 2001) | CZ | Enhance SMR (12–15 Hz) and inhibit theta (4–7 Hz) and high beta (22–30 Hz) | 10 | Improve perceptual sensitivity |
| (Egner & Gruzelier, 2001) | CZ | Enhance low beta (15–18 Hz), inhibiting theta (4–7 Hz) and high beta (22–30 Hz) | 10 | Increase cortical arousal |
| (Vernon et al., 2003) | CZ | Enhance SMR (12–15 Hz) and inhibit theta (4–7 Hz) and high beta (18–22 Hz) | 8 | Increased recall in semantic working memory |
| (Lubar, Swartwood, Swart-wood, & O’Donnell, 1995) | FCZ, CPZ | Enhance beta (16–20 Hz) and inhibit theta | 40 | Reduction of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity |
| (Fuchs, Birbaumer, Lutzenberger, Gruzelier, & Kaiser, 2003) | C3, C4 | Enhance beta (15–18 Hz) and SMR (12–15), inhibit theta | 36 | Improvement in attention and intelligence |
| (Heinrich, Gevensleben, & Strehl, 2007) | C4, CZ | Enhance SMR and inhibit theta | Treatment epilepsy disorder and ADHD | |
| (Heinrich, Gevensleben, & Strehl, 2007) | CZ, C3 | Enhance beta (13–20 Hz) and inhibit theta | Treatment ADHD |
Abbreviation: SMR, Sensorimotor rhythm.