Table 1. Relative abundance of primary metabolites and their associated pathways in shoot base, embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli in B. rotunda.
| Metabolites | Pathways | SB | EC | DC | WC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glycine (Gly) | Amino acid | ND | 0.0037 ± 0.0017 | ND | 0.00073 ± 0.00018 |
| Homoserine | Amino acid | 0.80 ± 0.27 | 1.62 ± 0.29 | 0.00274 ± 0.00079 | 0.026 ± 0.020 |
| Glutamine (Gln) | Amino acid | 27.7 ± 3.9 | 130 ± 26 | 0.0551 ± 0.0036 | 0.161 ± 0.065 |
| Histidine (His) | Amino acid | 5.2 ± 1.5 | 94 ± 19 | 0.0238 ± 0.0094 | 0.139 ± 0.065 |
| S-adenosyl methionine | Amino acid | 0.29 ± 0.13 | 2.84 ± 0.37 | ND | ND |
| Spermine | Amino acid | ND | 0.42 ± 0.20 | 0.0070 ± 0.0018 | 0.0138 ± 0.0024 |
| Arginine (Arg) | Amino acid | 10.0 ± 3.3 | 370 ± 69 | 0.070 ± 0.017 | 0.55 ± 0.31 |
| Alanine (Ala) | Amino acid | ND | 0.467 ± 0.088 | ND | 0.0020 ± 0.0003 |
| Asparagine (Asn) | Amino acid | 0.81 ± 0.38 | 0.43 ± 0.15 | ND | 0.0184 ± 0.0016 |
| Aspartic acid (Asp) | Amino acid | 5.9 ± 2.7 | 3.75 ± 0.93 | 0.00513 ± 0.00087 | 0.065 ± 0.047 |
| Glutamic acid (Glu) | Amino acid | 23.4 ± 6.7 | 2.44 ± 0.27 | 0.028 ± 0.077 | 0.25 ± 0.14 |
| Serine | Amino acid | ND | 0.0169 ± 0.0051 | ND | ND |
| Proline (Pro) | Amino acid | 0.28 ± 0.14 | 3.06 ± 0.66 | 0.0013 ± 0.0002 | 0.015 ± 0.012 |
| Phenylalanine (Phe) | Amino acid | 0.116 ± 0.055 | 1.48 ± 0.35 | ND | 0.01544 ± 0.00065 |
| Valine (Val) | Amino acid | 0.96 ± 0.21 | 7.6 ± 1.6 | 0.0187 ± 0.0029 | 0.049 ± 0.045 |
| Tyrosine (Tyr) | Amino acid | 0.7 ± 0.29 | 4.22 ± 0.82 | 0.0091 ± 0.0024 | 0.0075 ± 0.0010 |
| Trptophan (Trp) | Amino acid | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 26.7 ± 7.0 | ND | ND |
| Hydroxyproline | Amino acid | ND | 0.170 ± 0.036 | ND | 0.002601 ± 0.000083 |
| Lysine (Lys) | Amino acid | 47.5 ± 7.1 | 190 ± 33 | 0.0676 ± 0.0068 | 0.24 ± 0.12 |
| Methionine (Met) | Amino acid | ND | 0.036 ± 0.013 | ND | ND |
| Antranilate | Amino acid | 0.083 ± 0.026 | 5.08 ± 0.83 | ND | 0.0116 ± 0.0023 |
| Adenine | Amino acid | 0.24 ± 0.13 | 2.06 ± 0.47 | 0.00461 ± 0.00081 | 0.0066 ± 0.0027 |
| Creatine | Amino acid | ND | 0.0086 ± 0.0028 | ND | 0.0050 ± 0.0027 |
| Glycerol-3-phosphate | Glycolysis | 1.5 ± 1.4 | 3.2 ± 1.1 | 0.048 ± 0.035 | 0.118 ± 0.045 |
| Fructose-6-phosphate | Glycolysis | 12.1 ± 4.3 | 22 ± 14 | 0.40 ± 0.19 | 0.70 ± 0.34 |
| Fructose-1,6-phosphate | Glycolysis | 0.180 ± 0.037 | 0.46 ± 0.15 | 0.073 ± 0.071 | 0.059 ± 0.037 |
| Gluconic acid | Pentose Phosphate | 0.53 ± 0.32 | 0.79 ± 0.36 | 0.19 ± 0.11 | 0.27 ± 0.17 |
| Erythrose-4-phosphate | Pentose Phosphate | 0.21 ± 0.09 | 0.38 ± 0.25 | 0.0196 ± 0.0054 | 0.0383 ± 0.020 |
| Xylulose-5-phosphate | Pentose Phosphate | 0.205 ± 0.089 | 0.32 ± 0.17 | ND | 0.0096 ± 0.0074 |
| Ribulose-5-phosphate | Pentose Phosphate | 0.73 ± 0.41 | 1.20 ± 0.46 | ND | 0.0208 ± 0.0095 |
| 6-phosphogluconic acid | Pentose Phosphate | 0.500 ± 0.068 | ND | 0.46 ± 0.31 | 0.97 ± 0.70 |
| Putresine | Polyamines | ND | 0.043 ± 0.011 | ND | ND |
| GABA | Polyamines | 0.46 ± 0.30 | 7.5 ± 2.5 | 0.00191 ± 0.00061 | 0.01321 ± 0.00086 |
| Citrulline | Polyamines | 0.88 ± 0.30 | 43.0 ± 7.7 | 0.0083 ± 0.0013 | 0.076 ± 0.052 |
| Ornithine (Orn) | Polyamines | ND | 0.66 ± 0.10 | ND | 0.0256 ± 0.0024 |
| Guanine | Purine and pyrimidine | 52 ± 20 | 7.04 ± 0.64 | 0.158 ± 0.044 | 0.197 ± 0.098 |
| Uracil | Purine and pyrimidine | 0.121 ± 0.028 | 0.089 ± 0.057 | ND | 0.00313 ± 0.00059 |
| Thymine | Purine and pyrimidine | 2.44 ± 0.93 | 0.38 ± 0.06 | 0.0062 ± 0.0021 | 0.0077 ± 0.0046 |
| Hypoxanthine | Purine and pyrimidine | 0.152 ± 0.069 | 0.121 ± 0.025 | ND | ND |
| Ribose-5-phosphate | Purine and Pyrimidine | 0.73 ± 0.33 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | ND | 0.028 ± 0.016 |
| Shikimic acid | Shikimate | 0.0071 ± 0.0034 | ND | ND | ND |
| Shikimate-3-phosphate | Shikimate | 1.24 ± 0.77 | 0.18 ± 0.12 | ND | ND |
| Malic acid | TCA cycle | 140 ± 45 | 130 ± 61 | 0.133 ± 0.078 | 0.56 ± 0.21 |
| 2-Oxoisovaleric acid | TCA cycle | 14.3 ± 7.9 | 16 ± 12 | ND | 0.11 ± 0.06 |
| cis-Aconitic acid | TCA cycle | 2.6 ± 1.3 | 0.99 ± 0.64 | ND | ND |
| Citric acid | TCA cycle | 16.6 ± 8.5 | 11.0 ± 6.5 | ND | ND |
| Oxaloacetic acid | TCA cycle | 0.035 ± 0.028 | ND | ND | ND |
| α-ketoglutaric acid | TCA cycle | 0.37 ± 0.27 | 0.066 ± 0.052 | ND | 0.0136 ± 0.0086 |
| Isocitric acid | TCA cycle | 7.6 ± 4.2 | 4.7 ± 3.2 | ND | ND |
| 3-Phosphoglyceric acid | TCA cycle | 10.4 ± 3.6 | 2.26 ± 0.78 | 4.6 ± 2.5 | 6.5 ± 3.4 |
| Lactic acid | Others | 0.22 ± 0.11 | 0.21 ± 0.11 | 0.206 ± 0.081 | 0.18 ± 0.10 |
SB: shoot base; EC: embryogenic callus; DC: dry callus; WC: watery callus; ND: not detected; ± indicates the standard deviation where n = 3 biological replicates