Table 3. Female wolves in the Superior National Forest, 1972–2013, that bred or did not breed in a given year based on the Mech et al. [24] formula and/or our adjustments (8 wolves)a based on field studies.
Fifteen wolves with ambiguous classification and no additional field data (Table 1) were excluded.
| Did not breed in a given year | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | No. | Non-breeders | Former breeders | Total | Bred in a given year (%) |
| 2 | 31 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 6 (19) |
| 3 | 23 | 15 | 0 | 15 | 8 (35) |
| 4 | 16 | 9 | 4 | 13 | 3 (19) |
| 5 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 (80) |
| 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 (33) |
| 7 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4(57) |
| 8 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 (67) |
| 9 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 (0) |
| 10 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | (0) |
| 11 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 (0) |
| 12 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 (0) |
| 98 | 54 | 12 | 66 | 32 | |
a Eight wolves classed in Table 1 as former or current-or-former breeders were adjusted to current breeders because pups were present or nipples were being used. In one of these cases, the wolf was lactating so possibly pseudopregnant. One non-breeder was a known former breeder, and one “non- or former” breeder was a former breeder.