Table 2.
Distribution of demographic characteristics in individual cohorts.
| Subject characteristics | UC Berkeley CHAMACOS Cohort (N = 377) | Cincinnati Children’s HOME Study (N = 265) | Columbia University (N = 60) | Mount Sinai School of Medicine (N = 234) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Percent | n | Percent | n | Percent | n | Percent | |
| Born before 2001 | 246 | 65.3 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 40 | 211 | 90.2 |
| Maternal education | ||||||||
| Less than high school | 304 | 80.6 | 20 | 7.6 | 23 | 38.3 | 67 | 28.6 |
| High school graduate/GED | 36 | 9.6 | 26 | 9.8 | 20 | 33.3 | 48 | 20.5 |
| Any college | 37 | 9.8 | 219 | 82.6 | 17 | 28.3 | 119 | 50.8 |
| Language spoken in homea | ||||||||
| English | 17 | 4.5 | 252 | 95.1 | 46 | 76.7 | 195 | 83.3 |
| Any Spanish | 356 | 94.4 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 16.7 | 38 | 16.2 |
| Other | 4 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.7 | 1 | 0.4 |
| Maternal marital statusb | ||||||||
| Not married/not living with partner | 65 | 17.2 | 40 | 15.1 | 45 | 75.0 | 113 | 48.3 |
| Married/living with partner | 312 | 82.8 | 225 | 84.9 | 15 | 25.0 | 121 | 51.7 |
| Parity | ||||||||
| Nulliparous | 116 | 30.8 | 115 | 43.4 | 30 | 50.0 | 234 | 100.0 |
| Parous | 261 | 69.2 | 150 | 56.6 | 30 | 50.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Maternal country of origin | ||||||||
| Other | 332 | 88.1 | 15 | 5.7 | 24 | 40.0 | 41 | 17.5 |
| USA | 45 | 11.9 | 250 | 94.3 | 36 | 60.0 | 162 | 69.2 |
| Maternal race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| White | 3 | 0.8 | 190 | 71.7 | 0 | 0 | 51 | 21.8 |
| Black | 0 | 0 | 59 | 22.3 | 36 | 30.0 | 57 | 24.4 |
| Hispanic | 369 | 97.9 | 5 | 1.9 | 24 | 40.0 | 123 | 52.6 |
| Other | 5 | 1.3 | 11 | 4.2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1.3 |
| Maternal age at delivery (years)c | 377 | 26.5 (5.2) | 265 | 29.9 (5.3) | 60 | 24.7 (5.2) | 234 | 23.8 (6.5) |
| Any alcohol use during pregnancy | 90 | 23.9 | 125 | 47.2 | 9 | 15.0 | 29 | 12.4 |
| Any illicit drug use during pregnancy | 6 | 1.6 | 12 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 6.4 |
| Any smoking during pregnancy | 18 | 4.8 | 26 | 9.8 | 0 | 0 | 39 | 16.7 |
| Child sex | ||||||||
| Male | 185 | 49.1 | 122 | 46.04 | 18 | 30.0 | 126 | 53.9 |
| Female | 192 | 50.9 | 143 | 53.96 | 42 | 70.0 | 108 | 46.2 |
| Breastfeeding at 3 months | 273 | 72.4 | 167 | 63.02 | 37 | 61.7 | 101 | 43.2 |
| 24-month Psychomotor Development Index (PDI)c | 377 | 97.6 ± 10.5 | 264 | 91.1 ± 14.0 | 60 | 94.5 ± 9.4 | 228 | 93.6 ± 11.6 |
| 24-month Mental Development Index (MDI)c | 377 | 85.8 ± 11.7 | 265 | 89.6 ± 14.3 | 60 | 84.4 ± 11.9 | 234 | 87.9 ± 13.8 |
| aFor Mount Sinai, primary language indicates the subject’s endorsement (n = 139), or when missing, the language in which the questionnaires were administered over the course of the study (n = 95). bColumbia required “living with a partner” to include only those who cohabited for ≥ 7 years. cMean ± SD. | ||||||||