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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 3.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Neurol. 2015 Nov;72(11):1244–1251. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.2561

Figure 2. Phase-Amplitude Coupling (PAC) at Multiple Cortical Recording Locations for the 3 Patient Groups.

Figure 2

Patient groups include those with isolated dystonia with no arm symptoms contralateral to the electrocorticography (ECOG) side (DYST), with isolated dystonia with arm symptoms contralateral to the ECOG side (DYST-ARM), and with Parkinson disease (PD). Color indicates the value of the median PAC index for group data. The box plots show mean beta-broadband gamma PAC. For S1 vs M1, P = .002 for the DYST group, P = .004 for the DYST-ARM group, and P = .02 for the PD group (rank sum test for all comparisons). Horizontal lines represent medians of the individual patients’ mean PAC; boxes, the 25th and 75th percentiles; limit lines, the most extreme data points not considered outliers; and crosses, outliers (2 M1 outliers were not plotted, 80.7 × 10−4 for the DYST group and 31.1 × 10−4 for the PD group). Eleven patients did not have premotor contact. CS indicates central sulcus; M1, primary motor cortex; and S1, primary sensory cortex.