Table 3.
Brain arears with statistically significant altered Pulvinar-to-Whole-Brain or Whole-Brain-to-Pulvinar effective connectivity in MDD subjects before or after treatment with Duloxetine compared to healthy controls.
| Brain regions (Brodmann areas) | Cluster size | MNI coordinates | t values | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X | Y | Z | ||||
| Pulvinar-to-Whole-Brain EC comparison between HC (n = 20) and all MDD subjects (n = 19) | ||||||
| Right precuneus (BA7) | 263 | 12 | -68 | 52 | HC:+CO < Pre-treatment:+CO | 7.71 |
| Right middle frontal gyrus (BA9) | 138 | 36 | 28 | 40 | HC:+CO < Pre-treatment:+CO | 3.77 |
| Right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (BA10) | 394 | 6 | 42 | 21 | HC:+CO < Pre-treatment:+CO | 4.09 |
| Left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (BA10) | 625 | -7 | 52 | 30 | HC:+CO < Pre-treatment:+CO | 7.34 |
| Left precuneus (BA7) | 95 | -28 | -64 | 42 | HC:+CO < Pre-treatment:+CO | 4.09 |
| Left anterior cingulate (BA32) | 578 | -5 | 49 | 2 | HC:+CO < Pre-treatment:+CO | 6.51 |
| Whole-Brain-to-Pulvinar EC comparison between HC (n = 20) and all MDD subjects (n = 19) | ||||||
| No group difference | ||||||
| Pulvinar-to-Whole-Brain EC comparison between HC (n = 20) and pre-treatment MDD subjects (n = 10) | ||||||
| Right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (BA 9,10) | 207 | 16 | 54 | 8 | HC:+CO < Pre-treatment:+CO | 7.50 |
| Right angular gyrus (BA39) | 107 | 60 | -64 | 32 | HC:-CO > Pre-treatment:-CO | 4.24 |
| Right precentral (B9) | 221 | 40 | 8 | 52 | HC:+CO < Pre-treatment:+CO | 4.32 |
| Right superior Parietal (BA7) | 127 | 20 | -74 | 48 | HC:+CO < Pre-treatment:+CO | 3.98 |
| Left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (BA 10) | 145 | -20 | 48 | 21 | HC:+CO <Pre-treatment:+CO | 7.44 |
| Left precentral (B44,9) | 69 | -46 | -4 | 20 | HC:-CO > Pre-treatment:-CO | 4.18 |
| Pulvinar-to-Whole-Brain EC comparison between HC (n = 20) and post treatment MDD subjects (n = 10) | ||||||
| Left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 47) | 104 | -42 | 42 | -24 | HC:+CO > Post treatment:-CO | 5.50 |
| Left insula (BA13) | 92 | -16 | -4 | 14 | HC:+CO > Post treatment:-CO | 6.30 |
| Whole-Brain-to-Pulvinar EC comparison between HC (n = 20) and pre-treatment MDD subjects (n = 10) | ||||||
| No group difference | ||||||
| Whole-Brain-to-Pulvinar EC comparison between HC (n = 20) and post treatment MDD subjects (n = 10) | ||||||
| Right lingual gyrus (BA17) | 165 | 2 | -98 | 2 | HC:-CI > Post treatment:-CI | 5.31 |
| Right mid cingulate cortex (BA24) | 190 | 16 | -4 | 50 | HC:+CI < Post treatment:+CI | 7.21 |
| Right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (BA 10) | 84 | -32 | 62 | 18 | HC:-CI > Post treatment:-CI | 4.45 |
| Left insula (BA13) | 200 | -30 | 24 | 18 | HC:+CI > Post treatment:+CI | 10.83 |
| Left superior frontal gyrus (BA 6,8) | 170 | -36 | 6 | 46 | HC:+CI > Post treatment:+CI | 4.69 |
Abbreviations: BA: Brodmann area; HC: healthy controls; MDD: major depressive disorder; EC: Effective Functional; +CO: pulvinar positive (excitatory) Causal Outflow to brain; -CO: pulvinar negative (inhibitory) Causal Outflow to brain; +CI: pulvinar positive (excitatory) Causal Inflow from brain ; -CI: pulvinar negative (inhibitory) Causal Inflow from brain; MNI: Montreal Neurologic Institute.