Table 2.
Demographic and Clinical Factors Known Prior to or Immediately Following Birth
| Number (%) / Mean ± SD / Median (IQR)1 | Univariable Logistic Regression | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n = 23) | Controls (n = 92) | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval |
|||
| Factors Knowable During the Prenatal Period | Maternal demographic factors | Maternal Caucasian race | 16 (70) | 53 (58.2) | 1.9 | 0.7 – 5.3 |
| Maternal age | 32.0 ± 6.6 | 30.5 ± 6.5 | 1.0 | 0.97 – 1.1 | ||
| Maternal private insurance | 21 (91) | 50 (60.2) | 6.9 | 1.5 – 32* | ||
| Maternal physical trauma during pregnancy | 0 (0) | 3 (3.8) | 0.53 | 0.02 – 13 | ||
| Maternal paid employment | 18 (78) | 43 53) | 3.2 | 1.1 – 9.4* | ||
| Maternal night work | 3(13) | 1 (1.2) | 12 | 1.2 – 122* | ||
| Maternal work in the medical field | 3 (13) | 6 (7.5) | 1.9 | 0.43 –8.1 | ||
| Maternal obstetric factors | Maternal UTI during pregnancy | 0 (0) | 6 (7.7) | 0.26 | 0.01 – 5.4 | |
| Maternal diabetes | 1 (4) | 4 (5.2) | 0.83 | 0.09 – 7.8 | ||
| Maternal hypercoagulability | 1 (4) | 3 (3.9) | 1.1 | 0.11 – 11 | ||
| Uterine anomaly | 1 (4) | 2 (2.6) | 1.7 | 0.15 – 20 | ||
| Maternal chorioamnionitis | 0 (0) | 2 (2.4) | 0.92 | 0.03 – 25 | ||
| Maternal pre-eclampsia | 2 (8.7) | 2 (2.4) | 3.8 | 0.5 – 29 | ||
| Maternal tobacco use during pregnancy | 1 (4.3) | 4 (5.1) | 0.85 | 0.09 – 8.0 | ||
| Maternal illicit drug use during pregnancy | 0 (0) | 2 (2.6) | 0.83 | 0.03 – 23 | ||
| Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy | 3 (14) | 10 (12.8) | 1.1 | 0.27 – 4.3 | ||
| Amniocentesis | 5 (17) | 16 (22) | 1.3 | 0.43 – 4.1 | ||
| Cephalic version attempted | 1 (4.3) | 5 (6.1) | 0.7 | 0.08 – 6.3 | ||
| Maternal hemoglobin prior to delivery (%) | 11.9 (11.0, 12.8) | 11.9 (11.1, 12.6) | 0.89 | 0.62 – 1.3 | ||
| Fetal factors | Female gender of fetus | 16 (70) | 42 (46) | 2.7 | 1.0 – 7.2* | |
| Fetus of appropriate size for gestational age | 17 (74) | 73 (79) | 1.4 | 0.47 – 3.9 | ||
| Pregnancy factors | Multiple gestation | 0 (0) | 4 (4.3) | 0.47 | 0.21 – 10 | |
| Placenta previa | 1 (4) | 1 (1.3) | 3.5 | 0.21 – 59 | ||
| Vasa previa | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – – | – – | ||
| Velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – – | – – | ||
| Subchorionic hematoma | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | 1.9 | 0.05 – 81 | ||
| Placental tumor | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – – | – – | ||
| Placental abruption | 3 (14) | 0 (0) | 37 | 1.2 – 1176* | ||
| Labor & Delivery | Preterm labor > 24hr | 3 (13) | 2 (2.4) | 6.0 | 0.94 – 38 | |
| Category II or III fetal heart tracing | 12 (52) | 17 (21) | 4.0 | 1.5 – 11* | ||
| Sinusoidal heart tracing | 3 (13) | 0 (0) | 36 | 1.1 – 1137* | ||
| Meconium passage prior to birth | 7 (32) | 16 (18) | 2.2 | 0.8 – 6.2 | ||
| Emergent Cesarean birth | 13 (57) | 5 (6.1) | 20 | 5.9 – 68* | ||
| Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 37.1 (35.0, 39.5) | 39.3 (38.3, 40.3) | 0.70 | 0.58 – 0.85* | ||
| Preterm birth | 11 (48) | 6 (6.5) | 13 | 4.1 – 42* | ||
| Apgar score at 1 min | 7 (5, 9) | 9 (9, 9) | 0.46 | 0.31 – 0.68* | ||
| Apgar score at 5 min | 8 (7, 9) | 9 (9, 9) | 0.12 | 0.04 – 0.38* | ||
1
SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range
*
Significant at p<0.05