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letter
. 2016 Feb 24;71(6):565–567. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-208215

Figure 1.

Figure 1

(A) Immortalised human bronchial epithelial cells (iHBECs) were stimulated with increasing concentrations of caffeine for 4 hours and PSmad2 levels measured. Figure shows mean data±SEM from three independent experiments. (B) iHBECs were stimulated with 50 µM caffeine and PAI1 mRNA levels measured. Data are expressed as mean fold change over control (0 h)±SEM from three independent experiments. (C) Non-fibrotic control (NL) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) fibroblasts were stimulated with increasing concentrations of caffeine and TGFβ activation assessed by TMLC reporter assay. Figure shows mean data±SEM from n=3 NL and n=3 IPF donors. (D) NL and IPF fibroblasts were stimulated with 50 µM caffeine and ACTA2 mRNA levels measured. Data are expressed as mean fold change over control (0 h for NL or IPF, respectively)±SEM. Figure shows mean data from n=3 NL and n=3 IPF donors. *p<0.05 **p<0.01.