Table.
Comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes in Asia compared with other regions.
| CHART- 1 (19) |
CHART- 2 (19) |
JCARE- CARD (69) |
ATTEN D (20) |
KorAH F (31) |
Tseng (12) |
ADHER E-AP (4) |
ADHERE (30) |
OPTIMI ZE-HF (70,71) |
EHFS II (72) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study population | 2000–04 Japan Stage C/D N=1078 26 hospitals | 2006–10 Japan Stage C/D N=4735 24 hospitals | 2004–05 Japan AHF N=2549 164 hospitals | 2007–11 Japan AHF N=4841 52 hospitals | 2011–12 Korea AHF N=206 6 10 centers | 2005 Taiwan AHF N=2692 Insured patients | 2006–08 AP Region AHF N=10171 43 hospitals | 2001–04 US AHF N=105388 274 hospitals | 2003–04 US AHF N=48612 259 hospitals | 2004–05 Europe AHF N=3580 133 hospitals |
| Age, yr | 69 ± 13 | 69 ± 12 | 71 ± 13 | 73 ± 14 | 69 ± 14 | 73 ± 13 | 67 | 72 ± 14 | 73 ± 14 | 70 ± 13 |
| Male Sex | 65% | 68% | 60% | 58% | 55% | 55% | 57% | 48% | 48% | 61% |
| Ischemic etiology | 26% | 47% | 32% | 31% | 38% | 32% | 50% | 57% | 46% | 54% |
| LVEF/≥50% | 51/51% | 57/69% | 42 ± 18 | – | 40 ± 18 | – | 53% (LVEF<4 0%) | 34 ± 16/46% (>40%) | 39 ± 18 | 38 ± 15/34% (LVEF≥4 5%) |
| Diabetes | 20% | 23% | 30% | 34% | 36% | 28% | 45% | 44% | 25% | 33% |
| Atrial fibrillation | 42% | 31% | 35% | 40% | 27% | – | 24% | 31% | 31% | 39% |
| Renal dysfunction | 50% | 47% | 12% | – | – | 13% | 22% | 30% | 20% | 17% |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.0±3.7 | 23.8±3.9 | 22.4±4.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 26.8 |
| SBP, mmHg | 126±19 | 126±19 | 117±18 | 146±37 | 136±31 | – | 57% with SBP 90–140 | 144±33 | 143±33 | 135 (110–160) |
| HR, bpm | 75±14 | 72±15 | 70±12 | 99±29 | 91±26 | – | – | – | 87±22 | 95 (77–114) |
| Creatinine/eGFR | −/61±31 | −/61±24 (Stage C) | 1.4/52±25 | 1.4 ± 1.6 | 1.5±1.6 | – | >1.5mg/d L in 41% | 1.8±1.6 | 1.8±1.8 | – |
| BNP/NT- proBNP, pg/mL | 273±353 | 191 (C), 454 (D) | 375±474 | 707 (362–1284) | – | – | – | 840 (430–1730) | 800 (403–1660) | – |
| Chronic HF therapies | ||||||||||
| ACE/ARB | 57%/13% | 45%/32% | 37%/44% | 31%/46% | 65% | 51% | 63% | 41%/12% | 40%/12% | 80% |
| Beta-blocker | 28% | 49% | 49% | 67% | 44% | 25% | 41% | 48% | 53% | 61% |
| MRA | ~21% | ~22% | 42% | – | 40% | – | 31% | 20% | 7% | 48% |
| Digoxin | 48% | 24% | 31% | – | 24% | 32% | 34% | 28% | 23% | 31% |
| CRT/ICD | 1.5% | 2.9% (C), 15.8% (D) | 1.6%/2.0% | 2.3%/3.4% | 1.3%/1.4% | – | −/1.6% | – | 5% | 9.1% pacemaker |
| In patient therapies | ||||||||||
| IV diuretic | – | – | 76% | 72% | 76% (all diuretic) | 85% | 92% | – | 84% | |
| IV vasodilator | – | – | 78% | 40% | – | 14% (IV nitrate) | 9% | 14% | 38% | |
| IV Inotrope | 19% | 32% | – | 15% | 15% | 7% | >11% | |||
| In-hospital mortality | – | – | 3.9% (rEF) 6.5% (pEF) | 6.4% | 5.2% | 3.9% | 4.8% | 4.0% | 3.8% | 6.7% |
| Length of stay, days | – | – | 36 (rEF) 31 (pEF) | 30±39/21 (14–32) | 8 | 15.8±42.7 | 6.0 | 4.3 | 6.4 | 9 (6–14) |
| 30-day Mortality | – | – | – | – | 1.2% | – | – | – | 8.6% at 60–90 days | – |
| Short-term rehospitalizati on | – | – | – | – | 6% HF rehosp at 30-day | – | – | – | 29.6% at 60–90 days | – |
Abbreviations: AHF indicates acute heart failure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; BMI, body mass index, HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; ACE; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; IV, intravenous.