Table 3.
Descriptive statistics of participant demographics and primary outcomes
| Panel A. Participant demographic and household characteristics | |||||||||
| Standard of care | CHW call | CHW visit | p-values | ||||||
| n | % / mean | n | % / mean | n | % / mean | CHW call vs. Standard of care | CHW visit vs. Standard of care | ||
| Women | |||||||||
| Age | 31 | 26.7 | 40 | 25.6 | 31 | 25.9 | 0.23 | 0.38 | |
| Education | |||||||||
| Primary | 4 | 14 % | 8 | 21 % | 4 | 15 % | 0.59 | 0.49 | |
| Secondary | 15 | 52 % | 18 | 47 % | 16 | 59 % | |||
| Post-Secondary | 10 | 35 % | 12 | 32 % | 7 | 26 % | |||
| n | 19 | 38 | 27 | ||||||
| Marital Status | |||||||||
| Married | 30 | 97 % | 35 | 85 % | 30 | 97 % | 0.08 | >0.99 | |
| Single | 1 | 3 % | 6 | 15 % | 1 | 3 % | |||
| n | 31 | 41 | 31 | ||||||
| Parity | |||||||||
| Primiparous | 9 | 29 % | 8 | 20 % | 9 | 30 % | 0.36 | 0.94 | |
| Multiparous | 22 | 71 % | 33 | 81 % | 21 | 70 % | |||
| n | 31 | 41 | 31 | ||||||
| Employed in Past 12 Months | 16 | 70 % | 21 | 66 % | 11 | 41 % | 0.76 | 0.04 | |
| n | 23 | 32 | 27 | ||||||
| Assigned to postnatal contraception subsidy treatment through concurrent randomized trial | 6 | 19 % | 14 | 34 % | 7 | 22 % | 0.16 | 0.81 | |
| n | 31 | 41 | 32 | ||||||
| Husband | |||||||||
| Husband Education | |||||||||
| Primary | 0 | 0 % | 4 | 14 % | 2 | 8 % | 0.12 | 0.11 | |
| Secondary | 15 | 65 % | 13 | 45 % | 10 | 39 % | |||
| Post-Secondary | 8 | 35 % | 12 | 41 % | 14 | 54 % | |||
| n | 23 | 29 | 26 | ||||||
| Household | |||||||||
| Improved toilet facility | 24 | 92 % | 34 | 97 % | 24 | 86 % | 0.43 | 0.45 | |
| n | 26 | 35 | 28 | ||||||
| Toilet shared among more than one house | 9 | 39 % | 15 | 47 % | 10 | 39 % | 0.58 | 0.96 | |
| n | 23 | 32 | 26 | ||||||
| Improved drinking water source | 18 | 90 % | 27 | 96 % | 23 | 92 % | 0.41 | 0.82 | |
| n | 20 | 28 | 25 | ||||||
| Panel B. Primary outcomes | |||||||||
| Standard of Care | CHW call | CHW visit | p-values | ||||||
| n | % / mean | n | % / mean | n | % / mean | CHW call vs. Standard of care | CHW visit vs. Standard of care | ||
| Complications detected and referred, collected through programmatic CHW data | |||||||||
| Maternal or newborn complications detected and referred by CHW | 4 | 10 % | 3 | 9 % | |||||
| n | 41 | 32 | |||||||
| Postpartum care-seeking practices for mother and newborn, reported during day 10 survey | |||||||||
| Referrals made and acted upon | 1 | 4 % | 2 | 11 % | |||||
| n | 23 | 18 | |||||||
| Facility-based maternal postpartum care sought | 2 | 8 % | 4 | 13 % | 6 | 22 % | 0.62 | 0.17 | |
| n | 24 | 32 | 27 | ||||||
| Days postpartum maternal care sought, among maternal care-seekers | 2 | 8.5 | 4 | 7.5 | 6 | 5.8 | 0.57 | 0.09 | |
| Facility-based newborn postpartum care sought | 23 | 96 % | 30 | 94 % | 26 | 96 % | 0.73 | 0.93 | |
| n | 24 | 32 | 27 | ||||||
| Days postpartum newborn care sought, among newborn care-seekers | 23 | 5.9 | 30 | 3.8 | 26 | 4.1 | 0.02 | 0.04 | |
| Postnatal health problems and responses at day 10 post-delivery | |||||||||
| Any maternal health problem reported | 3 | 13 % | 2 | 6 % | 9 | 33 % | 0.48 | 0.08 | |
| n | 24 | 32 | 27 | ||||||
| Maternal problem reported and action taken | 2 | 8 % | 2 | 6 % | 3 | 11 % | 0.77 | 0.74 | |
| n | 24 | 32 | 27 | ||||||
| Any newborn health problem reported | 5 | 21 % | 8 | 25 % | 13 | 48 % | 0.72 | 0.04 | |
| n | 24 | 32 | 27 | ||||||
| Newborn problem reported and action taken | 3 | 13 % | 5 | 16 % | 8 | 30 % | 0.74 | 0.14 | |
| n | 24 | 32 | 27 | ||||||
| Self-reported knowledge of postnatal danger signs and health practices at day 10 | |||||||||
| Number of maternal danger signs named | 24 | 3.8 | 32 | 4.1 | 27 | 4.3 | 0.46 | 0.23 | |
| Can name 3 or more maternal danger signs | 19 | 79 % | 26 | 81 % | 23 | 85 % | 0.85 | 0.56 | |
| n | 24 | 32 | 27 | ||||||
| Number of newborn danger signs named | 24 | 3.3 | 32 | 3.7 | 27 | 3.6 | 0.41 | 0.47 | |
| Can name 3 or more newborn danger signs | 19 | 79 % | 26 | 81 % | 23 | 85 % | 0.36 | 0.13 | |
| n | 24 | 32 | 27 | ||||||
| Can name 2 or more hand washing best practices | 10 | 42 % | 19 | 59 % | 10 | 37 % | 0.20 | 0.74 | |
| n | 24 | 32 | 27 | ||||||
| Can name 2 or more cord care practices | 7 | 29 % | 13 | 41 % | 5 | 19 % | 0.38 | 0.39 | |
| n | 24 | 32 | 27 | ||||||
| Can name 3 or more newborn thermal care practices | 7 | 29 % | 11 | 34 % | 8 | 30 % | 0.68 | 0.97 | |
| n | 24 | 32 | 27 | ||||||
| Can name 3 or more sources of dietary protein | 7 | 29 % | 12 | 38 % | 11 | 41 % | 0.52 | 0.40 | |
| n | 24 | 32 | 27 | ||||||
| Self-reported postnatal health practices at day 10 | |||||||||
| Applied water or nothing to umbilical stump | 17 | 71 % | 26 | 81 % | 23 | 85 % | 0.38 | 0.23 | |
| n | 24 | 32 | 27 | ||||||
| Appropriate newborn thermal care practiced | 17 | 71 % | 26 | 81 % | 23 | 85 % | 0.84 | 0.93 | |
| n | 24 | 32 | 27 | ||||||
| Exclusive breastfeeding | 24 | 100 % | 32 | 100 % | 27 | 100 % | -- | -- | |
| n | 24 | 32 | 27 | ||||||
| Breastfed 3 or more times in past 8 hours | 23 | 96 % | 27 | 84 % | 25 | 93 % | 0.14 | 0.63 | |
| n | 24 | 32 | 27 | ||||||
| Self-reported postnatal health practices at 9 weeks post-delivery | |||||||||
| At least 1 dose of polio and pentavalent vaccines | 15 | 88 % | 22 | 96 % | 18 | 95 % | 0.43 | 0.50 | |
| n | 17 | 23 | 19 | ||||||
| Use of family planning method | 5 | 29 % | 14 | 61 % | 8 | 42 % | 0.05 | 0.44 | |
| n | 17 | 23 | 19 | ||||||
| Exclusive breastfeeding | 17 | 100 % | 21 | 91 % | 19 | 100 % | 0.16 | -- | |
| n | 17 | 23 | 19 | ||||||
| Breastfed 3 or more times in past 8 hours | 15 | 88 % | 22 | 96 % | 18 | 95 % | 0.43 | 0.50 | |
| n | 17 | 23 | 19 | ||||||
| Indices of postnatal health knowledge and practices at 10 days and 9 weeks post-delivery | |||||||||
| Index of health knowledge at 10 days post-delivery | 24 | 3.17 | 32 | 3.56 | 27 | 3.15 | 0.37 | 0.96 | |
| Index of health practices at 10 days and 9 weeks post-delivery | 15 | 6.6 | 20 | 7.1 | 17 | 7.2 | 0.16 | 0.06 | |