Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| CPR group (n = 51) | CAD group (n = 19) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.49 ± 11.53 | 68.89 ± 11.60 | 0.441 |
| Gender male:female | 39:12 | 15:4 | 1.0 |
| CPR scene | |||
| OHCA | 41 (80 %) | N/A | |
| IHCA | 10 (20 %) | N/A | |
| Etiology of cardiac arrest | |||
| Cardiac | 32 (63 %) | N/A | |
| Non-cardiac | 13 (25 %) | N/A | |
| Unknown | 6 (12 %) | N/A | |
| Initial rhythm | |||
| VT/VF | 29 (57 %) | N/A | |
| Asystole/PEA | 22 (43 %) | N/A | |
| Time from collapse to CPR (minutes) | 2.43 ± 3.88 | N/A | |
| Time from collapse to ROSC (minutes) | 29.84 ± 19.11 | N/A | |
| Interventions | |||
| Therapeutic hypothermia performed | 50 (98 %) | N/A | |
| Coronary angiography <12 h prior to study enrollment | 39 (76 %) | 8 (42 %) | 0.01 |
| PCI <12 h prior to study enrollment | 23 (45 %) | 8 (42 %) | 1.0 |
| Consecutive organ failure | |||
| Acute heart failure | 19 (37 %) | 0 (0 %) | 0.002 |
| Acute respiratory failure | 7 (14 %) | 0 (0 %) | 0.177 |
| Acute liver failure | 0 (0 %) | 0 (0 %) | N/A |
| Acute renal failure | 16 (31 %) | 0 (0 %) | 0.004 |
| Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score | |||
| Day 1 after ROSC | 10.53 ± 1.75 | N/A | |
| Day 2 after ROSC | 10.83 ± 1.63 | N/A | |
| Day 3 after ROSC | 10.85 ± 1.83 | N/A | |
| Medical history | |||
| Coronary artery disease | 34 (67 %) | 19 (100 %) | 0.003 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 3 (6 %) | 1 (5 %) | 1.0 |
| Chronic heart failure | 9 (18 %) | 3 (16 %) | 1.0 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 6 (12 %) | 0 (0 %) | 0.180 |
| Chronic lung disease | 14 (27 %) | 1 (5 %) | 0.052 |
| Chronic liver disease | 0 (0 %) | 0 (0 %) | N/A |
| Chronic kidney disease | 6 (12 %) | 5 (26 %) | 0.155 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Hypertension | 29 (57 %) | 15 (79 %) | 0.104 |
| Diabetes | 13 (25 %) | 6 (32 %) | 0.763 |
| Dyslipidemia | 16 (31 %) | 13 (68 %) | 0.007 |
| Smoking | 19 (37 %) | 12 (63 %) | 0.063 |
| Overweight | 14 (27 %) | 7 (37 %) | 0.559 |
Acute heart failure was defined by clinical signs of cardiac decompensation or cardiogenic shock. Acute renal failure was defined as an increase in serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dl or ≥1.5-fold increase from baseline creatinine within the first 48 h. Acute liver failure was defined as an increase in total bilirubin serum levels and an increase in the international normalized ratio (INR) value above the normal values of our central laboratory. Acute respiratory failure was defined as an oxygenation index (ratio of PaO2 (mmHg) and FiO2 (%)) ≤200 mmHg
CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CAD coronary artery disease, OHCA out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, IHCA in-hospital cardiac arrest, VT ventricular tachycardia, VF ventricular fibrillation, PEA pulseless electrical activity, ROSC return of spontaneous circulation, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, N/A not applicable