Table 2.

Factors associated with malaria parasite prevalence or antibody prevalence

	Parasite prevalence		Antibody prevalence
	ORa	Adjusted OR (95 % CI)a	ORa	Adjusted OR (95 % CI)a
Individual characteristics
Age ( years)
≤5	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
6–10	1.27 (1.13–1.42)	1.26 (1.10–1.46)	1.88 (1.71–2.06)	2.35 (2.10–2.63)
11–15	1.22 (1.07–1.39)	1.25 (1.08–1.47)	3.51 (3.17–3.89)	4.70 (4.15–5.33)
16–25	0.92 (0.81–1.04)	0.89 (0.76–1.04)	4.57 (4.13–5.07)	6.57 (5.79–7.46)
≥26	0.64 (0.57–0.73)	0.61 (0.53–0.71)	4.33 (3.97–4.72)	6.05 (5.43–6.73)
Bed net use	0.79 (0.71–0.88)	0.82 (0.72–0.93)	0.85 (0.79–0.93)	0.89 (0.81–0.98)
House structure
Mud wall	1.46 (1.25–1.71)	1.26 (1.05–1.50)	1.14 (1.03–1.27)
Open eaves	1.25 (1.10–1.41)	1.16 (1.01–1.34)	1.28 (1.17–1.39)	1.33 (1.21–1.46)
Environment
Distance to water
<250 m	1 (reference)		1 (reference)	1 (reference)
250–500 m	1.04 (0.89–1.22)		0.97 (0.87–1.09)	1.04 (0.92–1.19)
500–999 m	0.83 (0.71–0.96)		0.66 (0.59–0.74)	0.91 (0.80–1.03)
1000 m+	0.78 (0.62–0.98)		0.44 (0.38–0.52)	0.81 (0.67–0.97)
Altitude (m)
1350–1449	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
1450–1499	0.63 (0.55–0.72)	0.84 (0.72–0.98)	0.83 (0.75–0.91)	0.90 (0.81–1.01)
1500–1549	0.52 (0.45–0.61)	0.68 (0.56–0.81)	0.57 (0.51–0.64)	0.79 (0.69–0.89)
1550–1650	0.25 (0.17–0.37)	0.43 (0.28–0.66)	0.28 (0.23–0.35)	0.71 (0.56–0.90)
Parasite prevalence 500 m radius	1.06 (1.05–1.06)	1.07 (1.06–1.07)	1.03 (1.02–1.03)
Antibody prevalence 500 m radius	1.02 (1.02–1.03)		1.04 (1.03–1.04)	1.04 (1.03–1.04)
TWI (minimum)			1.91 (1.70–2.16)	1.23 (1.06–1.41)
TWI (mean)			2.16 (1.94–2.41)
TWI (maximum)	1.03 (1.01–1.05)	0.97 (0.95–1.00)	1.09 (1.07–1.10)

^aAdjusted for clustering on compound level. The odds ratio and 95 % confidence interval of household and geographical factors in relation to antibody prevalence, after adjustment for age and clustering of observations; TWI is topographical wetness index