Table 1.
Maternal characteristics for 495 stillbirths and 2,888 live singleton births in Golestan, Iran
| Cases | Controls | |
|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |
| Mother’s age, year | ||
| ≤ 19 | 72 (14.5) | 363(12.6) |
| 20-24 | 127 (25.7) | 865 (30.0) |
| 25–29 | 138 (27.9) | 760 (26.3) |
| 30–34 | 92 (18.6) | 589 (20.4) |
| ≥ 35 | 66 (13.3) | 279 (9.7) |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 32 (1.1) |
| Body mass index | ||
| < 18.5 | 39 (7.9) | 200 (6.9) |
| 18.5 to <25 | 180 (36.4) | 1,426 (49.4) |
| 25 to <30 | 117 (23.6) | 655 (22.7) |
| 30 to <35 | 56 (11.3) | 230 (8.0) |
| ≥ 35 | 26 (5.3) | 60 (2.1) |
| Missing | 77 (15.6) | 317 (11.0) |
| Mother’s height, cm | ||
| < 150 | 48 (9.7) | 192 (6.6) |
| 150–154 | 116 (23.4) | 590 (20.4) |
| 155–159 | 152 (30.7) | 921 (31.9) |
| 160–164 | 55 (11.1) | 479 (16.6) |
| ≥ 165 | 47 (9.5) | 389 (13.5) |
| Missing | 77 (15.6) | 317 (11.0) |
| Parity | ||
| 0 | 256 (51.7) | 1,140 (39.5) |
| 1–2 | 192 (38.8) | 1,338 (46.3) |
| ≥ 3 | 32 (6.5) | 189 (6.5) |
| Missing | 15 (3.0) | 221 (7.7) |
| Pregnancy induced hypertension | ||
| 459 (92.7) | 2,786 (96.5) | |
| 36 (7.3) | 102 (3.5) | |
| Smoking | ||
| No | 488 (98.6) | 2,803 (97.1) |
| Yes | 7 (1.4) | 85 (2.9) |
| Husband’s profession | ||
| Unemployed | 16 (3.2) | 76 (2.6) |
| Non skill worker | 206 (41.6) | 1,318 (45.6) |
| Skill worker | 55 (11.1) | 275 (9.5) |
| Self-employed | 78 (15.8) | 327 (11.3) |
| Farmer | 79 (16.0) | 547 (18.9) |
| Other | 44 (8.9) | 266 (9.2) |
| Missing | 17 (3.4) | 79 (2.7) |
| Haemoglobin concentration before pregnancy (g/l) | ||
| Mean (SD) | 126.3 (10.4) | 125.7 (11.4) |
| Median (Range) | 130.0 (100–150) | 120.0 (80–160) |
| Haemoglobin concentration at first trimester (g/l) | ||
| Mean (SD) | 124.5 (12.3) | 122.7 (11.7) |
| Median (Range) | 120.0 (80 to 170) | 120.0 (70 to 160) |
| Haemoglobin concentration at end of second trimester (g/l) | ||
| Mean (SD) | 117.1 (11.6) | 113.5 (11.3) |
| Median (Range) | 120.0 (80–150) | 110.0 (70–170) |
| Region | ||
| Aghghala | 51 (10.3) | 377 (13.1) |
| Aliabad | 28 (5.7) | 183 (6.3) |
| Azadshahr | 32 (6.5) | 142 (4.9) |
| Bandargaz | 7 (1.4) | 114 (3.9) |
| Galikesh | 23 (4.6) | 115 (4.0) |
| Gomishan | 37 (7.5) | 104 (3.6) |
| Gonbad | 130 (26.3) | 524 (18.1) |
| Gorgan | 15 (3.0) | 284 (9.8) |
| Kalaleh | 65 (13.1) | 361 (12.5) |
| Kordkoy | 14 (2.8) | 84 (2.9) |
| Maraveh | 37 (7.5) | 168 (5.8) |
| Minoodasht | 23 (4.6) | 235 (8.1) |
| Ramian | 17 (3.4) | 102 (3.5) |
| Torkaman | 16 (3.2) | 95 (3.3) |