Table.
Patient Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics
| Tsuchihashi et al1 |
Kurowski et al10 |
Kurisu et al2 |
Sharkey et al8 |
Wittstein et al12 |
Inoue et al11 |
Sato et al4 |
Bybee et al7 |
Yoshida et al13 |
Akashi et al3 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects, n | 88 | 35 | 30 | 22 | 19 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 13 |
| Country | Japan | Germany | Japan | US | US | Japan | Japan | US | Japan | Japan |
| Series type | Retrospective | Prospective | Retrospective | Prospective | Prospective | Retrospective | Retrospective | Prospective | Prospective | Prospective |
| Age, y | 67±13 | 72±9 | 70±8 | 65±13 | 61±15 | 76±8 | 71±9 | 71±12 | 72±7 | 73±10 |
| Women, % | 86 | 94 | 93 | 91 | 95 | 94 | 94 | 100 | 80 | 85 |
| Preceding emotional stressor, % | 20 | 42 | 17 | 86 | 100 | 11 | … | 38 | 40 | 31 |
| Preceding stressor, % | 43 | 42 | 17 | 14 | … | 39 | 100 | 44 | 40 | 69 |
| Chest pain, % | 67 | … | 67 | 91 | 95 | 72 | 100 | 69 | 87 | 54 |
| ST-segment elevation, % | 90 | 69 | 100 | 59 | 11 | 100 | 56 | 81 | 87 | 92 |
| ST-segment elevation in precordial leads, % |
85 | … | 97 | 59 | … | 100 | … | 81 | … | 92 |
| Q waves, % | 27 | … | … | 45 | 37 | 56† | … | 31 | 7 | … |
| Mean QTc, ms | … | … | … | … | 542* | … | … | 501±55 | 508* | … |
| Elevation in cardiac enzyme levels, % |
56 | … | … | … | … | … | 56 | 100 | … | 85 |
| Initial average LVEF | 0.41±0.11 | 0.5±0.13 | 0.49±0.12 | 0.29±0.09 | 0.20* | … | 0.49±0.04 | 0.4 | 0.43±0.08 | 0.42±0.10 |
| Follow-up LVEF | 0.64±0.10 | 0.68±0.12 | 0.69±0.12 | 0.63±0.06 | 0.60* | … | 0.66±0.03 | 0.6 | 0.76±0.01 | 0.65±0.08 |
| Time of recovery, d | … | … | 11.3±4.3 | 24±29 | 21* | … | 17.7 | 8 | 11±4 | 17±7 |
| Initial Forrester subset | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 1.9±0.3 | |
| Pulmonary edema, % | 22 | … | 3 | 0 | 16 | 28 | 6 | 44 | … | 0 |
| Intraaortic balloon pumping, % | 8 | … | 0 | 18 | 16 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 7 | 15 |
| Coronary stenosis >50%, % | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | … | 0 |
| Angiographically normal coronary arteries, % |
… | 0 | 83 | 100 | 95 | 100 | 100 | 25 | 100 | 100 |
| Spontaneous multivessel spasm, % |
0 | 0 | 10 | … | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Provocable multivessel spasm n/n (%) |
5/48 (10) | … | 6/14 (43) | … | … | … | 0/6 (0) | … | 1/6 (17) | 0/11 (0) |
| Transient intraventricular pressure gradient, % |
18 | … | … | 23 | … | … | … | 13 | 14 | … |
| In-hospital mortality, % | 1 | 3 (9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| Documented recurrence, n/n (%) | 2/72 (3) | 2 (6) | 0 | 2/22 (9) | 0 | … | … | 1/16 (6) | … | 0 |
LVEF indicates left ventricular ejection fraction. Values are expressed as mean±SD when appropriate. This table is adapted and modified from Reference 14 with permission.
*
Median.
†
In precordial leads.