Table 1. Demographic of subjects.
| Parameters | XDR (N = 15) | NPDR (N = 15) | PDR (N = 15) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 61.8 ± 8.77 | 60.63 ± 6.49 | 58.94 ± 6.98 |
| Race (M/I/C) | 7/3/5 | 7/5/3 | 9/4/2 |
| Sex (Male/F) | 5/10 | 7/8 | 8/7 |
| Duration of diabetes (year) | 12.87 ± 4.97 | 13.94 ± 7.15 | 14.62 ± 5.51 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.73 ± 1.15 | 8.43 ± 1.08 | 8.85 ± 1.9 |
| Fasting blood sugar (mmol/l) | 8.16 ± 1.62 | 8.6 ± 3.37 | 8.99 ± 3.3 |
| Creatinine (μg/l) | 93.9 ± 41.17 | 107.0 ± 40.9 | 125.3 ± 71.86 |
Notes:
M, Malays; I, Indian; C, Chinese; F, Female.
All the pairs were compared using one-way ANOVA and Student’s t-test, there no statistically significant difference (p-value all > 0.05).