Figure 5. Overall structural equation model including all sites and species.

Each box represents a variable in the model, while the number above each arrow represents the value of the standardized path coefficients. The width of each arrow corresponds with the magnitude of the path coefficient, solid lines indicate positive effects, and dashed lines indicate negative effects. Path coefficients not significant at P < 0.10 are not shown. The italicized, bold number above each box represents the total explained variance (R²) of each variable.