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. 2016 Jun 2;4:e2029. doi: 10.7717/peerj.2029

Figure 3. Mean effect on native diversity performance or survival across all trophic levels of nonnative vertebrates.

Figure 3

In ecosystems invaded by two nonnative vertebrates, the removal of only a single invader had a negative mean effect on native diversity performance or survival (Hedges’ d +) across all trophic levels. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals of the mean.