Table 2. Results from a meta-analysis of 8 published manuscripts entailing 128 observations of invasive vertebrate interactions.

We report the mean effect size and 95% confidence intervals (Hedge’s d +) andbold values when the 95% CI does not overlap zero. Mean effect sizes were calculated for the entire data set and subsets of the data that compared the effect of mixed and single groups of invasive vertebrateson native biodiversity.

	N	Direction	Hedge’s d+
Habitat type
Forest	16	–	−0.29 ± 0.10
Wetland	36	–	−0.13 ± 0.05
Freshwater	73	–	−0.11 ± 0.05
Garrigue	3	–	−0.16 ± 0.15
Native range overlap
Overlapping ranges	46	–	−0.21 ± 0.07
Non-overlapping ranges	72	–	−0.13 ± 0.03
Invasive functional group
Amphibian	16	0	−0.13 ± 0.13
Mammal	19	–	−0.25 ± 0.08
Fish	93	–	−0.13 ± 0.03
Trophic position of removed invader
Carnivore	106	–	−0.13 ± 0.03
Herbivore	6	0	−0.06 ± 0.15
Omnivore	4	–	−0.32 ± 0.10