Table 1.
Polymorphisms of clock genes associated with metabolic disorders.
| Gene | SNPs | Variation | Localization | Pathology | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clock | rs1801260 | T>C | Chromosome 4; 3′ UTR; Homo sapiens | Dyslipidemia and diabetes | [59, 60] |
| rs10002541 | T>C | Chromosome 4; intron; Homo sapiens | Diabetes | [62] | |
| rs12649507 | G>A | Chromosome 4; intron; Homo sapiens | Food intake | [64] | |
| rs4580704 | G>C | Chromosome 4; intron; Homo sapiens | Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and HDL level | [61, 63] | |
| rs3749474 | C>T | Chromosome 4; 3-UTR; Homo sapiens | Food intake | [65] | |
| rs4864546 | G>A | Chromosome 4; near gene-5′; Homo sapiens. | Diabetes | [62] | |
|
| |||||
| Per2 | rs7602358 | G>T | Chromosome 2; intron; Homo sapiens | Diabetes | [32] |
|
| |||||
| Per3 | rs57875989 | Deletion/insertion | Chromosome 1; 5′ near gene; Homo sapiens | Diabetes | [57, 58] |
|
| |||||
| Bmal1 | rs11022775 | C>T | Chromosome 11; intron; Homo sapiens | Gestational diabetes mellitus | [33] |
| rs7950226 | G>A | Chromosome 11; intron; Homo sapiens | Gestational diabetes mellitus | [33] | |
|
| |||||
| Bmal2 | rs7958822 | G>A | Chromosome 12; intron; Homo sapiens | Diabetes | [56] |
|
| |||||
| Cry1 | rs12315175 | T>C | Chromosome 12; Homo sapiens | Diabetes | [53] |
| rs8192440 | A>G | Chromosome 12; CDS; Homo sapiens | Diabetes | [54] | |
|
| |||||
| Cry2 | rs11605924 | A>C | Chromosome 11; intron; Homo sapiens | Diabetes | [54] |
| rs2292912 | C>G/T | Chromosome 11; intron; Homo sapiens | Diabetes | [53] | |