Table 1.
Biochemical markers of dietary exposure.
| Vitamins | Fatty acids |
| B1 (thiamine) | α –Linolenic acid |
| B2 (riboflavin) | Arachidonic acid |
| B5 (pantothenic acid) | cis-Docosapentaenoic acid |
| B6 (pyridoxine) | cis-Octadecenoic acid |
| B9 (folate) | cis-Palmitoleic acid |
| B12 (cobalamin) | Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) |
| C | Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) |
| D | Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) |
| E | Eicosadienoic acid |
| K1 | Eicosenoic acid |
| Nicotinamide | Elaidic acid |
| Carotenoids | Lauric acid |
| α-carotene | Linolelaidic acid |
| β-carotene | Linoleic acid |
| β-cryptoxanthin | Myristic acid |
| Lutein | Myristoleic acid |
| Zeaxanthin | Oleic acid |
| Lycopene | Omega-3 polyunsaturated fats |
| Polyphenols | Omega-6 polyunsaturated fats |
| 4-O-Methylgallic acid | Palmitic acid |
| 5-Heneicosylresorcinol | Petroselaidic acid |
| 5-Heptadecylresorcinol | Phytanic acid |
| 5-Nonadecylresorcinol | Rumenic acid |
| 5-Tricosylresorcinol | Stearic acid |
| Apigenin | Tetradecenoic acid |
| Caffeic acid | trans-Hexadecenoic acid |
| Chlorogenic acid | trans-Octadecadienoic acid |
| Daidzein | trans-Octadecenoic acid |
| DHBA | Vaccenic acid |
| DHPPA | Amino acids |
| Dihydrodaidzein | 1-Methylhistidine |
| Dihydrogenistein | 3-Methylhistidine |
| Enterodiol | Organic compounds |
| Enterolactone | Taurine |
| Equol | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
| Eriodictyol | Urea |
| Gallic acid | Chemical elements |
| Genistein | Nitrogen |
| Glycitein | Food contaminants |
| Hesperetin | Aflatoxins |
| Isorhamnetin | Mercury |
| Kaempferol | PCBs |
| Luteolin | Cooking products |
| m-Coumaric acid | Acrylamide |
| Naringenin | 1-Hydroxypyrene glucuronide |
| ODMA | Endogenous metabolites and enzymes |
| Phloretin | 5-Hydroxytryptophol |
| Quercetin | ALAT |
| Resveratrol | ASAT |
| Tamarixetin | GGT |
| Inorganic compounds | |
| Iodine | |
| Phosphorous | |
| Potassium | |
| Selenium | |
| Sodium | |
| Zinc | |
| Iron | |
| Calcium |