Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Normal (n = 68) |
PreDM (n = 52) |
DM (n = 58) |
P value (normal versus PreDM) |
P value (PreDM versus DM) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.45 ± 2.7 | 24.28 ± 2.9 | 25.3 ± 3.1 | 0.001 | 0.097 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 106.6 ± 11.4 | 115.2 ± 16.0 | 117.9 ± 11.1 | 0.002 | 0.410 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 90.0 ± 5.5 | 108.8 ± 6.3 | 141.8 ± 32.1 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insulin (mg/dL) | 7.4 ± 2.1 | 10.0 ± 4.9 | 12.0 ± 7.2 | 0.000 | 0.083 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 1.5 | 4.4 ± 3.3 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| HOMR-β | 103.6 ± 37.0 | 79.3 ± 35.3 | 60.2 ± 32.7 | 0.000 | 0.011 |
| HbA1c (%) | No data | 5.8 ± 0.3 | 7.2 ± 0.9 | NA | 0.000 |
| Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 4427.0 ± 2043.6 | 2760.7 ± 2112.3 | 1483.3 ± 1135.6 | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| FGF21 (pg/mL) | 379.2 ± 327.4 | 502.8 ± 425.1 | 546.8 ± 385.6 | 0.026 | 0.766 |
All data are presented as the mean ± SD.
PreDM, prediabetes patient; DM, diabetes patient; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; HOMA-β, homeostasis model assessment-β cell function; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model-insulin resistance; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; NA, not applicable.