Table 2. Levels of biomarkers of the MIBS cohort (i.e. IBS patients versus HC).
| Plasma biomarkers (median [Q1; Q3]) | IBS (n = 196) | HC (n = 160) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Citrulline (μmol/l) | 41.9 [33.9; 50.5] | 39.3 [33.0; 47.2] | NS |
| IL-1β (μg/l) | 0.15 [0.08; 0.71] | 0.19 [0.10; 1.46] | 0.01 |
| IL-6 (μg/l) | 0.24 [0.12; 0.36] | 0.52 [0.20; 3.13] | <0.001 |
| IL-8 (μg/l) | 1.69 [0.95; 2.52] | 1.60 [1.14; 2.45] | NS |
| IL-10 (μg/l) | 0.86 [0.69; 1.09] | 0.84 [0.61; 1.04] | NS |
| IL-12p70 (μg/l) | 2.19 [1.21; 2.99] | 1.20 [0.11; 2.00] | <0.001 |
| TNF-α (μg/l) | 0.14 [0.07; 3.20] | 0.13 [0.06; 1.53] | NS |
| Fecal biomarkers (median [Q1; Q3]) | |||
| Chromogranin A (CgA) (nmol/g) | 15.2 [7.6; 45.8] | 9.4 [6.3; 27.3] | 0.001 |
| Calprotectin (μg/g) | 37.3 [18.7; 73.5] | 21.6 [6.8; 47.8] | <0.001 |
| Human β-defensin 2 (HBD2) (ng/g) | 31.3 [18.8; 51.9] | 38.4 [27.1; 60.5] | <0.01 |
| SCFA (C2): Acetate (μmol/g) | 33.4 [22.5; 47.1] | 35.7 [25.9; 47.4] | NS |
| SCFA (C3): Propionate (μmol/g) | 9.5 [6.8; 14.0] | 9.5 [6.6; 13.8] | NS |
| SCFA (C4): Butyrate (μmol/g) | 7.8 [4.6; 13.2] | 9.4 [5.9; 13.5] | NS |
| SCFA (C5): Valerate (μmol/g) | 1.2 [0.8; 1.8] | 1.5 [1.0; 2.1] | 0.01 |
| SCFA (C6): Caproate (μmol/g) | 0.1 [0.0; 0.5] | 0.3 [0.1; 0.9] | <0.001 |
Difference tested with Mann Whitney U test (presented p-value). Statistically significant differences did not diminish after post-hoc correction for multiple testing by Benjamini–Hochberg step up procedure.