Figure 8. Schematic diagram showing the proposed mechanisms for the synergistic chemopreventive effects of CUR and BBR on human breast cancer cells.

CUR and BBR in combination induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in breast cancer cells through ERK activation. Meanwhile, combination of these two compounds causes JNK activation, phosphorylation of Bcl-2, and dissociation of the Beclin1/Bcl-2 complex, leading to autophagic cell death in breast cancer cells.