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. 2016 Jun 6;6:27064. doi: 10.1038/srep27064

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Path coefficients (P_ij) of soil properties are represented by single-headed arrows while simple correlation coefficients (r_ij) between variables are represented by double-headed arrows. Subscript designations for soil properties are identified numerically as follows: 1, NH₄⁺ dissolved in soil (NH₄⁺); 2, NO₃⁻ dissolved in soil (NO₃⁻); 3, pH value measured in the water layer (pH_water); 4, pH value measured in the soil profile (pH_soil); 5, O₂ concentration measured in the water layer (O_2water) and 6, O₂ concentration measured in the soil profile (O_2soil).