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. 2016 Jun 6;6:27064. doi: 10.1038/srep27064

Table 1. Direct effects (diagonal, italics) and indirect effects (off diagonal) of soil properties on nitrification.

Variable NH4+ NO3− pHwater pHsoil O2water O2soil r R2 U
NH4+ 0.111 0.025 −1.220 0.135 −0.030 −0.009 −0.988*** 0.994*** 0.077
NO3− −0.107 −0.026 1.196 −0.137 0.029 0.009 0.964***    
pHwater −0.110 −0.025 1.234*** −0.142 0.030 0.009 0.995***    
pHsoil −0.098 −0.023 1.141 −0.154*** 0.026 0.007 0.900***    
O2water −0.108 −0.025 1.183 −0.130 0.031 0.010 0.961***    
O2soil −0.103 −0.023 1.098 −0.113 0.030 0.010 0.900***    

NH4+ (NH4+ dissolved in soil); NO3− (NO3− dissolved in soil); pHwater (pH value measured in the water layer); pHsoil (pH value measured in the soil profile); O2water (O2 concentration measured in the water layer) and O2soil (O2 concentration measured in the soil profile). ***significant at the level of p < 0.001, **significant at the level of p < 0.01, *significant at the level of p < 0.05.