Table 3.
Summary of case mix, clinical course, and outcomes for critically ill patients younger than 65 years old, stratified by frailty status
| Variable | Frail | Nonfrail | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| ICU diagnostic category, n (%) | 0.284 | ||
| Sepsis | 10 (18.2) | 15 (10.6) | |
| Cardiovascular | 5 (9.1) | 20 (14.1) | |
| Respiratory | 22 (40.0) | 45 (31.7) | |
| Gastrointestinal/liver | 9 (16.4) | 25 (17.6) | |
| Othera | 9 (16.4) | 37 (26.1) | |
| ICU admission source, n (%) | 0.900 | ||
| Ward transfer | 17 (30.9) | 41 (28.9) | |
| OR theater transfer | 13 (23.6) | 39 (27.5) | |
| ED | 14 (25.5) | 40 (28.1) | |
| Otherb | 10 (18.2), 1 (1.8) | 20 (14.1), 2 (1.4) | |
| Postoperative, n (%) | 13 (23.6) | 55 (38.7) | 0.046 |
| APACHE II score, mean ± SD | 19.8 ± 6.7 | 17.9 ± 7.4 | 0.103 |
| SOFA score, mean ± SD | 8.2 ± 4.0 | 7.0 ± 4.1 | 0.086 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 52 (94.5) | 120 (84.5) | 0.058 |
| Vasoactive medications, n (%) | 33 (60.0) | 72 (50.7) | 0.241 |
| Renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 6 (10.9) | 21 (14.8) | 0.478 |
| Preferences for support, n (%) | 0.069 | ||
| Full ICU support | 48 (87.3) | 134 (95.0) | |
| Limitations on therapy (DNR order) | 7 (12.7) | 7 (5.0) | |
| Mortality, n (%) | |||
| ICU | 6 (10.9) | 10 (7.0) | 0.390 |
| Hospital | 11 (20.0) | 20 (14.1) | 0.306 |
| 90-day | 13 (23.6) | 21 (14.8) | 0.140 |
| 6-month | 16 (29.1) | 25 (17.6) | 0.075 |
| 1-year | 18 (32.7) | 29 (20.4) | 0.069 |
| ICU length of stay, days, median (IQR) | 6 (3.5–11.5) | 6 (3–10) | 0.383 |
| ICU readmission, n (%) | 9 (18.4) | 18 (13.6) | 0.427 |
| Hospital length of stay, median (IQR) | 26 (9–68) | 18.5 (10–43) | 0.389 |
| Hospital readmission, n (%) | 26 (60.5) | 49 (40.2) | 0.022 |
| Discharge disposition, n (%) | 0.112 | ||
| Living at home independent | 14 (32.6) | 62 (50.8) | |
| Living at home with help | 16 (37.2) | 31 (25.4) | |
| Other | 13 (30.2) | 29 (23.8) | |
| EQ-5D-VAS, 6-month | |||
| Mean (SD) | 58.8 (18.7) | 63.4 (20.4) | 0.254 |
| n (%) | 34/39 (87.2) | 96/117 (82.1) | |
| EQ-5D-VAS, 1-year | |||
| Mean (SD) | 63.0 (20.2) | 68.3 (17.6) | 0.184 |
| n (%) | 28/37 (75.7) | 85/113 (75.2) | |
| MCIDc in EQ-5D-VAS between 6 and 12 months, n (%) | 10/27 (37.0) | 29/77 (37.7) | 0.95 |
| EQ-5D, 6-month, n (%) | |||
| Mobility | 25 (71.4) | 40 (41.2) | 0.002 |
| Self-care | 11 (31.4) | 8 (8.2) | 0.001 |
| Usual activities | 30 (85.7) | 65 (67.7) | 0.041 |
| Pain/discomfort | 30 (85.7) | 54 (55.7) | 0.002 |
| Anxiety/depression | 19 (54.3) | 36 (37.1) | 0.077 |
ICU intensive care unit, ED emergency department, OR operating room, VAS visual analogue scale, DNR do not resuscitate, APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, EQ-5D EuroQol Health Questionnaire, MCID minimal clinically important difference, IQR interquartile range
aOther was defined as urologic/renal, neurologic, endocrinologic/metabolic, hematologic/oncologic, trauma, musculoskeletal
bOther was defined as transfer from another hospital, other location
cMinimum difference of 7 points in the EQ-5D-VAS was considered clinically important [13]