. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Biomed Inform. 2016 Mar 14;61:63–76. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2016.03.007

Table 5.

Example ontologies from five Level 3 BioPortal structural meta-ontology families

Structural Meta-ontology Class	# of Ontologies (%)	Example Member Ontologies
3–6. Tree & ∃ only OP with Domains & ∃ only DP with Domains	18 (4.83%)	Animal Natural History and Life History Ontology (ADW), Dermatology Lexicon (DERMLEX), International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)
3–16. Tree & ¬∃ OP & ¬∃ DP	61 (16.4%)	Basic Formal Ontology (BFO), Clinical Trials Ontology (CTO)
3–20. DAG & ∃ only OP in Restrictions & ¬∃ DP	61 (16.4%)	Chemical Entities of Biological Interest Ontology (CheBI), Gene Ontology (GO), SNOMED CT, Uber Anatomy Ontology (UBERON), Zebrafish Anatomy and Development Ontology (ZFA)
3–26. DAG & ∃ OP with Domain & ∃ OP in Restrictions & ∃ only DP with Domains	32 (8.58%)	Drug Interaction Knowledge Base Ontology (DIKB), Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA), Ontology for Drug Discovery Investigations (DDI), NanoParticle Ontology (NPO)
3–32. DAG & ¬∃ OP & ¬∃ DP	30 (8.04%)	Human Disease Ontology (DOID), Human Phenotype Ontology (HP), Vertebrate Trait Ontology (VT)