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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016 Apr 23;164:38–46. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.04.021

Table 4.

Period Prevalence Rates of Internalizing and Externalizing Psychopathology and Associations with Initial AUD Onset during Early Adulthood

Predictor Period Prevalence

% [CI95]
Adjusted
Associations with
Time to AUD
Onset during
Early
Adulthood

HR [CI95]

No AUD (n = 513) AUD (n = 128) Likelihood
Ratio χ2
p-value
Late Adolescent Psychopathology
  Internalizing domain 17.9 [14.9, 21.4] 23.0 [16.7, 30.8] 1.54 .188 1.44 [0.92, 2.24]
    Mood disorders 13.3 [10.7, 16.5] 18.2 [12.5, 25.6] 1.72 .162 1.42 [0.85, 2.37]
    Anxiety disorders 6.6 [4.8, 9.0] 6.0 [3.2, 11.0] 0.05 .796 0.88 [0.43, 1.82]
    Bulimia nervosa 0.8 [0.3, 2.0] 1.2 [0.3, 4.7] 0.16 .649 1.58 [0.30, 8.24]
  Externalizing domain 4.3 [2.8, 6.5] 15.2 [9.8, 23.0] 15.36 < .001 3.10 [1.76, 5.50]
    Disruptive behavior disorders 0.9 [0.5, 2.0] 0.6 [0.1, 4.2] 0.13 .664 0.18 [0.02, 1.70]
    Other substance use disorders 3.8 [2.4, 6.0] 15.2 [9.8, 23.1] 17.75 < .001 3.96 [2.22, 7.07]
Early-To-Middle Adolescent
Psychopathology
  Internalizing domain 23.3 [20.1, 26.8] 30.2 [23.1, 38.3] 2.34 .098 1.41 [0.94, 2.11]
    Mood disorders 20.1 [17.1, 23.4] 25.9 [19.4, 33.8] 1.90 .128 1.36 [0.89, 2.09]
    Anxiety disorders 5.6 [4.1, 7.7] 9.1 [5.5, 14.6] 1.73 .132 1.71 [0.93, 3.15]
    Bulimia nervosa 1.2 [0.6, 2.5] 0.6 [0.1, 4.2] 0.37 .473 0.50 [0.08, 3.27]
  Externalizing domain 5.6 [4.1, 7.6] 21.2 [15.0, 29.0] 23.97 <.001 3.20 [2.03, 5.07]
    Disruptive behavior disorders 3.2 [2.1, 4.9] 7.8 [4.6, 13.2] 4.42 .015 1.57 [0.82, 3.04]
    Other substance use disorders 2.9 [1.9, 4.5] 14.6 [9.5, 21.8] 20.59 <.001 3.50 [2.03, 6.03]
Childhood Psychopathology
  Internalizing domain 10.8 [8.7, 13.4] 12.1 [7.8, 18.2] 0.15 .660 1.26 [0.75, 2.11]
    Mood disorders 6.3 [4.7, 8.3] 6.0 [3.2, 11.0] 0.01 .905 1.12 [0.53, 2.34]
    Anxiety disorders 6.6 [5.0, 8.6] 7.2 [4.1, 12.5] 0.07 .755 1.15 [0.58, 2.25]
    Bulimia nervosa 0.0 0.0 NA NA NA
  Externalizing domain 2.7 [1.7, 4.1] 7.2 [4.1, 12.5] 4.86 .010 2.24 [1.17, 4.25]
    Disruptive behavior disorders 2.1 [1.3, 3.5] 6.6 [3.7, 11.7] 5.43 .007 2.40 [1.22, 4.71]
    Other substance use disorders 0.5 [0.2, 1.4] 1.2 [0.3, 4.8] 0.56 .373 1.63 [0.51, 5.18]

Note. Bolded table entries denote statistically significant effects.