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. 2016 Sep;60:148–153. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.04.004

Table 4.

Logistic regression models examining Level of Physical Dependence as a predictor of daily smoking.

Effect OR Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI
Model 1 — Unadjusted
Level 1 PD vs. Level 0 2.32 0.41 13.03
Level 2 PD vs. Level 0 11.67 2.32 58.59
Level 3 PD vs. Level 0 18.44 4.13 82.22



Model 2 — Adjusted for gender and age
Level 1 PD vs. Level 0 2.09 0.36 12.10
Level 2 PD vs. Level 0 11.38 2.18 59.32
Level 3 PD vs. Level 0 19.61 4.23 90.96
Gender (female vs. male) 0.93 0.44 1.96
Age (year) 1.58 1.18 2.13