Table 5. Unweighted OLS Regression Models Estimating Test Scores at Age Nine as a Function of Timing of Problem Behaviors, with Mechanisms.

	W-J Passage Comprehension		W-J Applied Problems
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2
	baseline model	+ school readiness	baseline model	+ school readiness
Internalizing problem behaviors (reference = no problems)
Problems at age 3	-1.25 (0.77)	-1.07 (0.71)	0.58 (1.15)	0.83 (1.07)
Problems at age 5	-0.50 (1.08)	-0.56 (1.01)	0.62 (1.17)	0.54 (1.10)
Problems at ages 3 and 5	-0.01 (1.42)	0.05 (1.37)	0.77 (1.62)	0.86 (1.59)
Externalizing problem behaviors (reference = no problems)
Problems at age 3	-2.78 (0.49) ***	-2.34 (0.51) ***	-2.09 (1.00) *	-1.49 (0.95)
Problems at age 5	-0.29 (0.85)	0.02 (0.79)	-0.50 (1.06)	-0.07 (1.01)
Problems at ages 3 and 5	-1.64 (1.07)	-1.15 (1.07)	-2.04 (0.96) *	-1.38 (1.04)
Attention problem behaviors (reference = no problems)
Problems at age 3	0.34 (0.87)	0.15 (0.88)	-0.17 (0.87)	-0.42 (0.84)
Problems at age 5	-0.80 (0.67)	-0.78 (0.68)	-2.52 (0.96) *	-2.50 (0.96) *
Problems at ages 3 and 5	-2.81 (0.85) **	-2.80 (0.86) **	-3.69 (1.12) **	-3.67 (1.16) **
Constant	98.40	80.05	105.06	80.04
R-squared	0.22	0.26	0.20	0.25
N	2,302	2,302	2,302	2,302

Note: All models adjust for variables in Table 4. Robust standard errors in parentheses.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.