Clinically relevant assay performed on ZnO NR platforms. Net fluorescence from the anti-CCP RA autoantibody assay was measured on ZnO NRs and PS as a function of the loaded amount of CCP probe. Data from the ZnO NRs are displayed on the left, whereas those from a PS platform are shown on the right as a comparison. Abbreviations: CCP, cyclic citrullinated peptide; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; NR, nanorod; PS, polystyrene; RA, rheumatoid arthritis. Figure adapted from Reference 86 with permission. Copyright 2011 Elsevier.