Table 7.

Pharmacological and therapeutic benefits of fenugreek as recurrently reported.

Disease/ Disorders	Description	References
Diabetes	4-hydroxyisoleucine (amino acid) stimulates insulin production thereby control blood sugar level	Gupta et al. (2001) Zia et al. (2001) Vats et al. (2002)
	Polyphenolic compounds exhibit anti-diabetic effects	Kaviarasan et al. (2007) Broca et al. (2000)
	Curative effects of fenugreek seed powder is a potential neuropathic medicine in diabetes	Nanjundan et al. (2009)
Cancer	Polyphenolic compounds from seed possess anti-carcinogenic activities	Raju et al. (2004) Yoshinari and Igarashi (2010) Mohamed et al. (2015)
Hypercholesterolemia	Anti-oxidants from seeds control high blood cholesterol	Sowmya and Rajyalakshmi (1999) Srinivasan (2006)
	Flavonoids from ethyl acetate extracts of seeds exhibit hypocholesterolemic abilities	Belguith-Hadriche et al. (2013)
Myocardial infarction	Trigonelline (anti-oxidant) detoxification of free radicals, high lipid peroxidation and enzymes prevents Myocardial injuries	Panda et al. (2013)
Skin irritation	Seeds extracts reduces the skin irritation and pain	Sauvare et al. (2000)
	Seed powder paste produces skin healing, moisturizing, smoothening, whitening	Meghwal and Goswami (2012)
Indigestion and flatulence	Fenugreek has been used as laxative	Sauvare et al. (2000)
	It stimulates appetite and act as laxative	Petit et al. (1993)
Inflammation	Reduces swelling and pain	Thakur et al. (1994) Sauvare et al. (2000)
	Mucilage from seed detoxify the oxidants and free radicals to reduce inflammation	Ahmadiani et al. (2001)
Anemia	Prevents red blood cell oxidation	Kaviarasan et al. (2004) Kaviarasan et al. (2007)
	Being rich in iron (Fe) seeds are valuable to reduce anemia	James et al. (2002)
	Restoration and Fe nutrition in iron deficiency patients	Mahmoud et al. (2012)
Immunodeficiency	Natural antioxidants help to strengthen immune system	Kaviarasan et al. (2004)
	Immunomodulatory and Immune stimulatory effects	Bin-Hafeez et al. (2003)
Aging	Antioxidants improves reduces cell death and aging	Kaviarasan et al. (2004)
Kidney disorders	Protects functional and histopathologic abnormalities of kidney in diabetic patients	Thakran et al. (2004) Hamden et al. (2010)
	Reduces catalase (CAT) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in hypercholesterolemia patients	Belguith-Hadriche et al. (2013)
	Inhibit accumulation of oxidized DNA to prevent kidney injuries	Xue et al. (2011)
Others	Respiratory disorders, bacterial infection, epilepsy, gout, chronic cough, paralysis, dropsy, piles, heavy metal toxicity, liver disorders and arthritis	Ahmadiani et al. (2001) Tayyaba et al. (2001) Kaviarasan et al. (2004) Amin et al. (2005) Belguith-Hadriche et al. (2013)