Table 2. mRNA expression determined by Q-RT-PCR for a number of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes and NEFA oxidation genes.

Gene	Nutritional therapy				Pioglitazone				p valuea
	Before	After	Fold change	p value	Before	After	Fold change	p value
ACADM	3.01 ±0.83	3.27±1.11	1.08	NS	4.37±1.54	8.22±1.88	1.88	0.0067	0.022
HADH	0.39±0.08	0.39±0.09	1.01	NS	0.39±0.10	0.84±0.11	2.18	0.000023	0.0041
COX6C	1.26±0.27	1.44±0.39	1.14	NS	1.40±0.45	2.18±0.47	1.56	0.000038	NS
CPT1B	0.31±0.05	0.32±0.08	1.00	NS	0.43±0.13	0.77±0.19	1.76	0.012	0.040
CREB1	0.30±0.06	0.38±0.09	1.26	NS	0.33±0.10	0.54±0.09	1.63	0.011	NS
IDH3B	1.25±0.29	1.29±0.46	1.04	NS	1.26±0.39	1.88±0.33	1.48	0.0073	NS
MEF2C	0.68±0.24	0.69±0.20	1.02	NS	0.91 ±0.21	1.18±0.18	1.30	0.020	NS
NDUFA5	1.09±0.20	1.02±0.27	0.93	NS	1.46±0.43	2.28±0.50	1.56	0.00040	0.0017
NQO1	0.87±0.20	0.90±0.25	1.03	NS	0.51±0.23	2.77±1.16	5.4	NS	0.018
PPARA	0.99±0.24	0.64±0.13	0.65	NS	0.81±0.25	1.16±0.18	1.43	0.00096	0.019
PPARD	1.15±0.07	1.19±0.31	1.03	NS	0.81 ±0.27	1.02±0.22	1.26	NS	NS
PPARG	0.24±0.05	0.31 ±0.11	1.27	NS	0.32±0.09	0.47±0.08	1.56	0.0020	NS
SIRT1	0.35±0.09	0.28±0.06	0.80	NS	0.26±0.08	0.36±0.06	1.36	0.0032	NS
SOD2	0.039±0.016	0.027±0.009	0.69	NS	0.022±0.006	0.054±0.009	2.4	0.0069	0.0091

Values are means±SEM

^ap value (ANOVA) for the comparison between pioglitazone- and nutritional therapy-treated groups (change from baseline)