Fig. 1.

Determining the fitness landscape of the yeast ${\text{tRNA}}_{\text{CCU}}^{\text{Arg}}$ gene. Chemically synthesized ${\text{tRNA}}_{\text{CCU}}^{\text{Arg}}$ gene variants are fused with the marker gene URA3 before placed at the native ${\text{tRNA}}_{\text{CCU}}^{\text{Arg}}$ locus. The tRNA variant-carrying cells are competed. Fitness of each ${\text{tRNA}}_{\text{CCU}}^{\text{Arg}}$ genotype relative to wild-type is calculated from the relative frequency change of paired-end sequencing reads covering the tRNA gene variant during competition. See also Fig. S1 and (15).