Table 2.

Descriptive Means/Proportions for Full Sample and by Race.

	All	White	Black	B-W Diff.
Preference
Regular probation	0.49	0.54	0.38	−0.16***
Community service	0.35	0.39	0.25	−0.14***
Electronic monitoring	0.32	0.35	0.25	−0.10**
At least one alternative	0.74	0.76	0.69	−0.07**
Background
Black	0.30	—	—	—
Male	0.75	0.70	0.86	0.16***
Education				ω2 = 2.53
Less than high school	0.27	0.28	0.26	−0.02
High schoola	0.53	0.51	0.57	0.06
Attended college	0.20	0.20	0.17	−0.03
Age	36.85	37.20	36.03	−1.17
Personal/family history
Responsibility for child(ren)				ω2 = 0.70
No childrena	0.25	0.26	0.25	−0.01
Full-time	0.21	0.22	0.20	−0.02
Part-time	0.53	0.53	0.55	0.02
Had job	0.61	0.61	0.62	0.01
Childhood locale				ω2 = 181.28***
Large city/suburba	0.32	0.20	0.58	0.38
Medium city	0.13	0.11	0.18	0.07
Small city/town/rural	0.55	0.69	0.24	−0.45
Exp. childhood poverty	0.49	0.45	0.59	0.14***
Mother’s education				ω2 = 24.11***
Less than high school	0.35	0.37	0.23	−0.14
High schoola	0.33	0.34	0.38	0.04
Attended college	0.22	0.19	0.29	0.10
Unknown	0.10	0.11	0.09	−0.02
Parent incarcerated	0.34	0.35	0.33	−0.02
Sibling incarcerated	0.46	0.42	0.55	0.13***
Uncle/aunt incarcerated	0.37	0.34	0.43	0.09*
Cousin incarcerated	0.39	0.34	0.49	0.15***
n	1,024	719	305

Note. Significant differences based on two-tailed t-test for numeric and dichotomous variables and ω² for variables with more than two categories.

^aReference category.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.