Fig. (5).

TMS-EEG Discriminates Between UWS and MCS. A. Descriptive brain responses to TMS in a UWS patient who evolved to MCS and to EMCS. Response under the TMS stimulation (top figure, black trace) and the following spreading of the activity in the brain (colors represent the location of the brain areas). White cross displays the site of the TMS stimulation (parietal cortex). The behavioral recovery was assessed with the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R). B. Quantitative brain responses to TMS in UWS, MCS, emergence of MCS and locked-in patients.The perturbational complexity index (PCI) progressively increases from UWS to MCS and exit MCS. PCI attains levels of healthy awake participants in locked-in patients whereas UWS show similar value as non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) and anesthesia in healthy participants. The threshold for consciousness is 0.31. Adapted from [112, 114].