Table 2.
Whole body Heat Stress |
Isolated Leg Heat Stress |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Mild | Moderate | Intense | Severe | Baseline | End | |
Diameter, cm | |||||||
CFA | 0.96 ± 0.04 | 0.95 ± 0.04 | 0.96 ± 0.04 | 0.96 ± 0.04 | 0.96 ± 0.04 | 0.83 ± 0.01 | 0.84 ± 0.02 |
SFA | 0.75 ± 0.03 | 0.73 ± 0.03 | 0.76 ± 0.03 | 0.76 ± 0.03 | 0.76 ± 0.03 | 0.67 ± 0.02 | 0.68 ± 0.02 |
PFA | 0.56 ± 0.03 | 0.57 ± 0.02 | 0.57 ± 0.02 | 0.58 ± 0.03 | 0.58 ± 0.03 | 0.61 ± 0.04 | 0.61 ± 0.04 |
Vmean, cm/s | |||||||
CFA | 6.6 ± 0.6 | 13.3 ± 2.1* | 20.8 ± 1.7* | 28.4 ± 2.1* | 28.5 ± 2.4* | 7.4 ± 0.4 | 22.6 ± 2.7* |
SFA | 6.1 ± 0.3 | 16.6 ± 2.1* | 26.8 ± 1.9* | 33.9 ± 2.7* | 34.4 ± 2.8* | 6.2 ± 0.6 | 22.6 ± 3.9* |
PFA | 6.2 ± 0.6 | 7.7 ± 1.0* | 11.7 ± 0.8* | 14.4 ± 1.2* | 16.8 ± 1.8* | 5.0 ± 0.6 | 13.6 ± 3.3* |
Vant, cm/s | |||||||
CFA | 10.5 ± 1.0 | 16.8 ± 1.9* | 23.5 ± 0.9* | 30.3 ± 1.2* | 30.2 ± 1.3* | 13.2 ± 0.8 | 25.3 ± 2.6* |
SFA | 10.1 ± 0.8 | 19.8 ± 1.8* | 28.9 ± 0.8* | 35.1 ± 1.4* | 36.1 ± 1.6* | 12.7 ± 1.1 | 25.9 ± 3.9* |
PFA | 7.3 ± 0.7 | 9.0 ± 1.1* | 12.6 ± 0.9* | 15.5 ± 1.5* | 18.7 ± 1.7* | 9.7 ± 1.0 | 17.0 ± 2.8* |
Vret, cm/s | |||||||
CFA | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 0.5 ± 0.7* | 0.5 ± 0.4* | 5.9 ± 0.8 | 2.8 ± 0.6* |
SFA | 3.9 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.3* | 1.4 ± 0.2* | 0.1 ± 0.6* | 0.3 ± 0.3* | 6.5 ± 0.7 | 3.2 ± 0.8* |
PFA | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.2 |
SRmean, s−1 | |||||||
CFA | 28.9 ± 3.7 | 59.8 ± 12.2* | 88.5 ± 6.6* | 126.0 ± 11.9* | 126.3 ± 11.0* | 34.9 ± 1.9 | 107.1 ± 14.5* |
SFA | 33.1 ± 2.4 | 96.4 ± 12.2* | 143.4 ± 5.0* | 185.5 ± 16.0* | 187.4 ± 14.6* | 37.8 ± 3.7 | 138.9 ± 28.8* |
PFA | 44.0 ± 5.6 | 56.9 ± 10.4* | 81.6 ± 7.9* | 101.3 ± 11.7* | 124.1 ± 15.2* | 35.7 ± 5.5 | 98.4 ± 25.0* |
SRant, s−1 | |||||||
CFA | 44.0 ± 5.8 | 72.4 ± 10.7* | 99.6 ± 5.7* | 128.1 ± 10.4* | 128.2 ± 11.0* | 62.9 ± 4.3 | 120.1 ± 14.3* |
SFA | 53.7 ± 5.6 | 108.5 ± 12.9* | 150.6 ± 5.0* | 185.9 ± 13.9* | 188.9 ± 14.7* | 77.6 ± 6.7 | 159.4 ± 28.6* |
PFA | 52.0 ± 6.2 | 64.1 ± 9.3* | 91.1 ± 8.2* | 109.2 ± 12.2* | 132.7 ± 16.3* | 66.7 ± 7.1 | 120.7 ± 22.1* |
SRret, s−1 | |||||||
CFA | 15.1 ± 2.6 | 12.7 ± 2.1 | 11.2 ± 2.3* | 2.1 ± 2.9* | 1.9 ± 1.6* | 28.0 ± 4.1 | 13.0 ± 2.8* |
SFA | 20.6 ± 4.1 | 12.1 ± 1.7* | 7.2 ± 0.8* | 0.5 ± 3.1* | 1.5 ± 1.5* | 39.8 ± 4.3 | 19.5 ± 4.7* |
PFA | 8.0 ± 1.7 | 7.1 ± 1.9 | 9.5 ± 1.9 | 7.9 ± 2.6 | 8.6 ± 2.8 | 18.5 ± 4.7 | 13.0 ± 2.3 |
OSI | |||||||
CFA | 0.25 ± 0.02 | 0.16 ± 0.04* | 0.10 ± 0.02* | 0.02 ± 0.02* | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.30 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.02* |
SFA | 0.27 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.02* | 0.05 ± 0.01* | 0.01 ± 0.02* | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.34 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.03* |
PFA | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.07 ± 0.02* | 0.06 ± 0.02* | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.10 ± 0.01* |
Values are means ± SE for 8 participants. Vmean, time-averaged mean velocity; Vant, time-averaged anterograde velocity; Vret, time-average retrograde velocity; SRmean, mean shear rate; SRant, anterograde shear rate; SRret, retrograde shear rate; OSI, oscillatory shear index.
P < 0.05, significantly different from previous condition.