Skip to main content
. 2016 May 31;7:11629. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11629

Table 5. The average risk (%) posed by pesticide residues in pollen collected by honey bees placed next to a pesticide-treated maize field.

Date Active ingredient (AI)
Synergies
Total weekly risk
  Acetamiprid Carbaryl Clothianidin Diazinon Dinotefuran Phenothrin Prallethrin Thiamethoxam λ-cyhalothrin Propiconazole+Acetamiprid Propiconazole+Thiacloprid Propiconazole+λ-cyhalothrin  
Use* S, SD C, D, G, S ST DP, G, LC G, S D, S S ST C, D D, S C, G, S C, D  
24 May O: 0.01C: 0.03 O: 0.11C: 0.18 O: 0.13C: 0.52 O: 0.25C: 0.73
31 May 0
7 June C: 2.88 C: 0.04 O: 0.15C: 1.23 C: 40.4 O: 0.15C: 44.55
14 June C: 37.6 O: 0.09C: 0.77 C: 0.01 C: 25.1 O: 0.09C: 63.48
20 June C: 0.02 O: 2.37C: 3.65 C: 0.05 O: 2.37C: 3.72
27 June C: 0.01 O: 0.02C: 0.39 C: 0.01 C: 0.42 O: 0.02C: 0.83
5 July 0
12 July C: 0.01 O: 0.07C: 0.19 O: 0.02C: 0.14 C: 0.11 C: 2.86 O: 0.09C: 3.31
19 July C: 1.89 C: 0.18 C: 2.07
26 July 0
2 August O: 0.15C: 0.24 O: 0.15C: 0.24
9 August C: 42.4 C: 2.94 C: 0.01 C: 45.35
16 August O: 0.58C: 0.89 C: 82.3 C: 3.73 C: 0.01 O: 0.58C: 86.93
23 August O: 0.52C: 0.80 C: 142.2 C: 0.10 C: 0.18 O: 0.52C: 143.28
30 August C: 0.01 C: 95.1 O: 0.10C: 0.20 C: 0.17 C: 0.05 O: 0.01C: 95.53
13 September C: 314.3 C: 0.02 C: 314.32
Total seasonal risk/AI 0.01 0.32 9.49 0.02 0.16 676.3 49.04 1.57 2.25 3.44 0.05 65.92  

Oral (O) and contact (C) risks are based on the residue load, frequency of detection, and reported individual or synergistic lethal doses (LD50) of active ingredients. Low risk values: 0.1–1.0; moderate risk values: 1–5; high risk values: >5. Risk values <0.01 not shown. Dashes denote no detection of active ingredients. Italicized values denote relevant seasonal risk values for honey bees.

*C, liquid, soluble, or emulsifiable concentrate; D, dusts, dustable powder, or wettable powder; G, granules; S, spray; SD, soil drench; ST, seed treatment.